Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. With the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs, the serotype distribution of pneumococcal disease among adults has changed due to indirect effec...

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Main Authors: Haruka Maeda, Isao Ito, Eiichiro Sando, Nobuyoshi Hamao, Masahiro Shirata, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Desmond Opoku Ntiamoah, Issei Oi, Kensuke Nishioka, Hiroshi Fujii, Kayoko Okamura, Taisei Inoue, Takashi Yamada, Seisuke Niibayashi, Mitsuhiro Tsukino, Yuya Fujii, Michiko Tsuchiya, Yasuharu Nakahara, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Atsushi Nakagawa, Takakazu Sugita, Akihiro Ito, Naoki Sakai, Yusuke Kaji, Yuko Toyoda, Tomoyuki Urata, Norichika Asoh, Akira Nishiyama, Ai Yagiuchi, Toru Morikawa, Atsuhito Ushiki, Masayuki Ishida, Konosuke Morimoto
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Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2518847
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author Haruka Maeda
Isao Ito
Eiichiro Sando
Nobuyoshi Hamao
Masahiro Shirata
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Desmond Opoku Ntiamoah
Issei Oi
Kensuke Nishioka
Hiroshi Fujii
Kayoko Okamura
Taisei Inoue
Takashi Yamada
Seisuke Niibayashi
Mitsuhiro Tsukino
Yuya Fujii
Michiko Tsuchiya
Yasuharu Nakahara
Yoshinori Hasegawa
Atsushi Nakagawa
Takakazu Sugita
Akihiro Ito
Naoki Sakai
Yusuke Kaji
Yuko Toyoda
Tomoyuki Urata
Norichika Asoh
Akira Nishiyama
Ai Yagiuchi
Toru Morikawa
Atsuhito Ushiki
Masayuki Ishida
Konosuke Morimoto
author_facet Haruka Maeda
Isao Ito
Eiichiro Sando
Nobuyoshi Hamao
Masahiro Shirata
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Desmond Opoku Ntiamoah
Issei Oi
Kensuke Nishioka
Hiroshi Fujii
Kayoko Okamura
Taisei Inoue
Takashi Yamada
Seisuke Niibayashi
Mitsuhiro Tsukino
Yuya Fujii
Michiko Tsuchiya
Yasuharu Nakahara
Yoshinori Hasegawa
Atsushi Nakagawa
Takakazu Sugita
Akihiro Ito
Naoki Sakai
Yusuke Kaji
Yuko Toyoda
Tomoyuki Urata
Norichika Asoh
Akira Nishiyama
Ai Yagiuchi
Toru Morikawa
Atsuhito Ushiki
Masayuki Ishida
Konosuke Morimoto
author_sort Haruka Maeda
collection DOAJ
description Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. With the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs, the serotype distribution of pneumococcal disease among adults has changed due to indirect effect. In Japan, PCV15 and PCV20 have been introduced, and PCV21 is under review for approval in adults. This multicenter observational study assessed pneumococcal serotypes in 583 adult patients with community-acquired, culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia from May 2019 to December 2022. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using the Quellung reaction. The median patient age was 74 years (interquartile range: 66–82 years), 383 (65.7%) patients were male, 387 (66.4%) patients had one or more underlying medical conditions, 425 patients (72.9%) were hospitalized, and 305 (52.3%) had a CURB-65 score ≥2. The most common serotypes were serotype 3 (12.5%), 35B (12.0%), 15A (7.7%), 11A (6.7%), and 23A (6.3%). The proportion of serotypes covered by PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, PPSV23, and PCV21 were 24.0, 28.0, 43.7, 44.1, and 71.9%, respectively. The proportions of vaccine-covered serotypes were similar between patients aged <65 and ≥65 years. Serotype 3 was more prevalent among patients living in nursing homes (25.9%) compared with those living at home (11.2%). The proportions of PCV20- and PCV21-covered serotypes suggest that these new vaccines may offer additional protection against adult pneumococcal pneumonia. Given the availability of newly developed PCVs for adults in Japan, reassessing the optimal pneumococcal vaccination policy for adults is warranted.
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spelling doaj-art-7132af920fea41cc8e381a345fddc5082025-08-20T03:26:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2025.2518847Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational studyHaruka Maeda0Isao Ito1Eiichiro Sando2Nobuyoshi Hamao3Masahiro Shirata4Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel5Desmond Opoku Ntiamoah6Issei Oi7Kensuke Nishioka8Hiroshi Fujii9Kayoko Okamura10Taisei Inoue11Takashi Yamada12Seisuke Niibayashi13Mitsuhiro Tsukino14Yuya Fujii15Michiko Tsuchiya16Yasuharu Nakahara17Yoshinori Hasegawa18Atsushi Nakagawa19Takakazu Sugita20Akihiro Ito21Naoki Sakai22Yusuke Kaji23Yuko Toyoda24Tomoyuki Urata25Norichika Asoh26Akira Nishiyama27Ai Yagiuchi28Toru Morikawa29Atsuhito Ushiki30Masayuki Ishida31Konosuke Morimoto32Department of Respiratory Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, JapanSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Akashi City Hospital, Akashi, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto Minami Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital, Obama, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, Himeji, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, Kochi, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kochi Health Science Center, Kochi, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Juzenkai Hospital, Nagasaki, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Sasebo, JapanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, JapanFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, JapanDepartment of Respiratory Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, JapanStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. With the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs, the serotype distribution of pneumococcal disease among adults has changed due to indirect effect. In Japan, PCV15 and PCV20 have been introduced, and PCV21 is under review for approval in adults. This multicenter observational study assessed pneumococcal serotypes in 583 adult patients with community-acquired, culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia from May 2019 to December 2022. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using the Quellung reaction. The median patient age was 74 years (interquartile range: 66–82 years), 383 (65.7%) patients were male, 387 (66.4%) patients had one or more underlying medical conditions, 425 patients (72.9%) were hospitalized, and 305 (52.3%) had a CURB-65 score ≥2. The most common serotypes were serotype 3 (12.5%), 35B (12.0%), 15A (7.7%), 11A (6.7%), and 23A (6.3%). The proportion of serotypes covered by PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, PPSV23, and PCV21 were 24.0, 28.0, 43.7, 44.1, and 71.9%, respectively. The proportions of vaccine-covered serotypes were similar between patients aged <65 and ≥65 years. Serotype 3 was more prevalent among patients living in nursing homes (25.9%) compared with those living at home (11.2%). The proportions of PCV20- and PCV21-covered serotypes suggest that these new vaccines may offer additional protection against adult pneumococcal pneumonia. Given the availability of newly developed PCVs for adults in Japan, reassessing the optimal pneumococcal vaccination policy for adults is warranted.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2518847Pneumococcal pneumoniaserotype distributionpneumococcal conjugate vaccinesadultJapannursing home
spellingShingle Haruka Maeda
Isao Ito
Eiichiro Sando
Nobuyoshi Hamao
Masahiro Shirata
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Desmond Opoku Ntiamoah
Issei Oi
Kensuke Nishioka
Hiroshi Fujii
Kayoko Okamura
Taisei Inoue
Takashi Yamada
Seisuke Niibayashi
Mitsuhiro Tsukino
Yuya Fujii
Michiko Tsuchiya
Yasuharu Nakahara
Yoshinori Hasegawa
Atsushi Nakagawa
Takakazu Sugita
Akihiro Ito
Naoki Sakai
Yusuke Kaji
Yuko Toyoda
Tomoyuki Urata
Norichika Asoh
Akira Nishiyama
Ai Yagiuchi
Toru Morikawa
Atsuhito Ushiki
Masayuki Ishida
Konosuke Morimoto
Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Pneumococcal pneumonia
serotype distribution
pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
adult
Japan
nursing home
title Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
title_full Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
title_fullStr Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
title_full_unstemmed Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
title_short Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
title_sort serotype distribution among adults with community acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in japan between 2019 and 2022 a multicenter observational study
topic Pneumococcal pneumonia
serotype distribution
pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
adult
Japan
nursing home
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2518847
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