Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts

The study aimed to assess the technological properties of six ethanolic phenolic-rich extracts derived from artichoke bracts, stems, and leaves using different extraction methods (maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction—UAE) for the formulation of oil-in-water emulsions in which pea protein co...

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Main Authors: Francesco Iervese, Arianna Paluzzi, Michela Cannas, Giulia D’Alessio, Antonio Piga, Carla Di Mattia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1514
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author Francesco Iervese
Arianna Paluzzi
Michela Cannas
Giulia D’Alessio
Antonio Piga
Carla Di Mattia
author_facet Francesco Iervese
Arianna Paluzzi
Michela Cannas
Giulia D’Alessio
Antonio Piga
Carla Di Mattia
author_sort Francesco Iervese
collection DOAJ
description The study aimed to assess the technological properties of six ethanolic phenolic-rich extracts derived from artichoke bracts, stems, and leaves using different extraction methods (maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction—UAE) for the formulation of oil-in-water emulsions in which pea protein concentrate served as an emulsifier. To this aim, the extracts were tested for their surface properties and their effect on the colloidal and antioxidant properties in emulsions. The extracts reduced the surface tension at the water/air interface in a dose-dependent manner, with the leaf extract obtained by UAE displaying the highest surface activity. In emulsions, the extracts increased oil droplet size and induced flocculation while being able to delay oxidation, as indicated by the induction period significantly higher compared to the control. In the last part of the work, encapsulation by spray-drying was explored on a selected leaf extract, and its release behavior in an enriched vegan mayonnaise was tested by in vitro digestion. The encapsulation influenced the release of phenolic compounds during simulated gastrointestinal digestion of the enriched vegan mayonnaise, demonstrating promising protective effects in the gastric environment and promoting a predominant release during the intestinal phase, potentially enhancing the absorption and bio-accessibility of the phenolic compounds.
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-712feb95c7b14e9d9c5d3531f3e590fd2025-08-20T02:09:14ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01307151410.3390/molecules30071514Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic ExtractsFrancesco Iervese0Arianna Paluzzi1Michela Cannas2Giulia D’Alessio3Antonio Piga4Carla Di Mattia5Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyThe study aimed to assess the technological properties of six ethanolic phenolic-rich extracts derived from artichoke bracts, stems, and leaves using different extraction methods (maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction—UAE) for the formulation of oil-in-water emulsions in which pea protein concentrate served as an emulsifier. To this aim, the extracts were tested for their surface properties and their effect on the colloidal and antioxidant properties in emulsions. The extracts reduced the surface tension at the water/air interface in a dose-dependent manner, with the leaf extract obtained by UAE displaying the highest surface activity. In emulsions, the extracts increased oil droplet size and induced flocculation while being able to delay oxidation, as indicated by the induction period significantly higher compared to the control. In the last part of the work, encapsulation by spray-drying was explored on a selected leaf extract, and its release behavior in an enriched vegan mayonnaise was tested by in vitro digestion. The encapsulation influenced the release of phenolic compounds during simulated gastrointestinal digestion of the enriched vegan mayonnaise, demonstrating promising protective effects in the gastric environment and promoting a predominant release during the intestinal phase, potentially enhancing the absorption and bio-accessibility of the phenolic compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1514o/w emulsionsoxidationtechnological functionalitypolyphenolsreleasein vitro digestion
spellingShingle Francesco Iervese
Arianna Paluzzi
Michela Cannas
Giulia D’Alessio
Antonio Piga
Carla Di Mattia
Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts
Molecules
o/w emulsions
oxidation
technological functionality
polyphenols
release
in vitro digestion
title Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts
title_full Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts
title_fullStr Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts
title_full_unstemmed Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts
title_short Development, Characterization, and Exploitation in Food Systems of Functional Ingredients Obtained from Artichoke By-Products Phenolic Extracts
title_sort development characterization and exploitation in food systems of functional ingredients obtained from artichoke by products phenolic extracts
topic o/w emulsions
oxidation
technological functionality
polyphenols
release
in vitro digestion
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1514
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