Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care

Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations have revolutionized veterinary pharmaceuticals by improving patient compliance, minimizing dosage frequency, and improving therapeutic efficacy. These formulations utilize advanced drug delivery technologies, including microspheres, liposomes, oil solutions/...

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Main Authors: HariPriya Koppisetti, Sadikalmahdi Abdella, Deepa D. Nakmode, Fatima Abid, Franklin Afinjuomo, Sangseo Kim, Yunmei Song, Sanjay Garg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/626
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author HariPriya Koppisetti
Sadikalmahdi Abdella
Deepa D. Nakmode
Fatima Abid
Franklin Afinjuomo
Sangseo Kim
Yunmei Song
Sanjay Garg
author_facet HariPriya Koppisetti
Sadikalmahdi Abdella
Deepa D. Nakmode
Fatima Abid
Franklin Afinjuomo
Sangseo Kim
Yunmei Song
Sanjay Garg
author_sort HariPriya Koppisetti
collection DOAJ
description Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations have revolutionized veterinary pharmaceuticals by improving patient compliance, minimizing dosage frequency, and improving therapeutic efficacy. These formulations utilize advanced drug delivery technologies, including microspheres, liposomes, oil solutions/suspensions, in situ-forming gels, and implants to achieve extended drug release. Biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) have been approved by the USFDA and are widely employed in the development of various LAIs, offering controlled drug release and minimizing the side effects. Various classes of veterinary medicines, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and reproductive hormones, have been successfully formulated as LAIs. Some remarkable LAI products, such as ProHeart<sup>®</sup> (moxidectin), Excede<sup>®</sup> (ceftiofur), and POSILACTM (recombinant bovine somatotropin), show clinical relevance and commercial success. This review provides comprehensive information on the formulation strategies currently being used and the emerging technologies in LAIs for veterinary purposes. Additionally, challenges in characterization, in vitro testing, in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC), and safety concerns regarding biocompatibility are discussed, along with the prospects for next-generation LAIs. Continued advancement in the field of LAI in veterinary medicine is essential for improving animal health.
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spelling doaj-art-7129fd1633bc48e1b8b6341a85bcbf582025-08-20T03:47:54ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-05-0117562610.3390/pharmaceutics17050626Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary CareHariPriya Koppisetti0Sadikalmahdi Abdella1Deepa D. Nakmode2Fatima Abid3Franklin Afinjuomo4Sangseo Kim5Yunmei Song6Sanjay Garg7Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaLong-acting injectable (LAI) formulations have revolutionized veterinary pharmaceuticals by improving patient compliance, minimizing dosage frequency, and improving therapeutic efficacy. These formulations utilize advanced drug delivery technologies, including microspheres, liposomes, oil solutions/suspensions, in situ-forming gels, and implants to achieve extended drug release. Biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) have been approved by the USFDA and are widely employed in the development of various LAIs, offering controlled drug release and minimizing the side effects. Various classes of veterinary medicines, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and reproductive hormones, have been successfully formulated as LAIs. Some remarkable LAI products, such as ProHeart<sup>®</sup> (moxidectin), Excede<sup>®</sup> (ceftiofur), and POSILACTM (recombinant bovine somatotropin), show clinical relevance and commercial success. This review provides comprehensive information on the formulation strategies currently being used and the emerging technologies in LAIs for veterinary purposes. Additionally, challenges in characterization, in vitro testing, in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC), and safety concerns regarding biocompatibility are discussed, along with the prospects for next-generation LAIs. Continued advancement in the field of LAI in veterinary medicine is essential for improving animal health.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/626long-acting injectionsveterinary medicineextended drug releasebiocompatibility
spellingShingle HariPriya Koppisetti
Sadikalmahdi Abdella
Deepa D. Nakmode
Fatima Abid
Franklin Afinjuomo
Sangseo Kim
Yunmei Song
Sanjay Garg
Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care
Pharmaceutics
long-acting injections
veterinary medicine
extended drug release
biocompatibility
title Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care
title_full Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care
title_fullStr Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care
title_short Unveiling the Future: Opportunities in Long-Acting Injectable Drug Development for Veterinary Care
title_sort unveiling the future opportunities in long acting injectable drug development for veterinary care
topic long-acting injections
veterinary medicine
extended drug release
biocompatibility
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/626
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