Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue

Abstract Methylene blue (MB) dye is highly stable and non-degradable under natural conditions, posing significant threats to both ecosystems and human health. Conventional adsorbents, such as metal oxides, zeolites, bioadsorbents, and activated carbon, suffer from limited porosity, which restricts t...

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Main Authors: Ziying Bu, Ying Fang, Hanjie Chen, Mei Zhang, Fulong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13768-9
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author Ziying Bu
Ying Fang
Hanjie Chen
Mei Zhang
Fulong Wang
author_facet Ziying Bu
Ying Fang
Hanjie Chen
Mei Zhang
Fulong Wang
author_sort Ziying Bu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Methylene blue (MB) dye is highly stable and non-degradable under natural conditions, posing significant threats to both ecosystems and human health. Conventional adsorbents, such as metal oxides, zeolites, bioadsorbents, and activated carbon, suffer from limited porosity, which restricts their adsorption efficiency. Moreover, their high cost results in low economic viability. In this study, a novel eco-friendly crosslinked diatomite–chitosan/calcium alginate (DM-CS@CA) composite powder was synthesized using diatomite (DM), chitosan (CS), and sodium alginate (SA) as raw materials. The composite was prepared without the use of any chemical crosslinking agents, employing encapsulation techniques and drying processes. The adsorbent was characterized and analyzed using a range of techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the adsorption isotherm fits well with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics are consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. Under optimal conditions of pH 8, temperature 25 °C, and an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 549.74 mg/g.
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spelling doaj-art-710d8a293a9d49b384febed8473c822a2025-08-20T03:04:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-13768-9Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blueZiying Bu0Ying Fang1Hanjie Chen2Mei Zhang3Fulong Wang4College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityAbstract Methylene blue (MB) dye is highly stable and non-degradable under natural conditions, posing significant threats to both ecosystems and human health. Conventional adsorbents, such as metal oxides, zeolites, bioadsorbents, and activated carbon, suffer from limited porosity, which restricts their adsorption efficiency. Moreover, their high cost results in low economic viability. In this study, a novel eco-friendly crosslinked diatomite–chitosan/calcium alginate (DM-CS@CA) composite powder was synthesized using diatomite (DM), chitosan (CS), and sodium alginate (SA) as raw materials. The composite was prepared without the use of any chemical crosslinking agents, employing encapsulation techniques and drying processes. The adsorbent was characterized and analyzed using a range of techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the adsorption isotherm fits well with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics are consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. Under optimal conditions of pH 8, temperature 25 °C, and an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 549.74 mg/g.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13768-9DiatomiteChitosanSodium alginateAdsorptionMethylene blue
spellingShingle Ziying Bu
Ying Fang
Hanjie Chen
Mei Zhang
Fulong Wang
Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
Scientific Reports
Diatomite
Chitosan
Sodium alginate
Adsorption
Methylene blue
title Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
title_full Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
title_fullStr Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
title_full_unstemmed Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
title_short Study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
title_sort study on the adsorption properties of organically modified diatomite for methylene blue
topic Diatomite
Chitosan
Sodium alginate
Adsorption
Methylene blue
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13768-9
work_keys_str_mv AT ziyingbu studyontheadsorptionpropertiesoforganicallymodifieddiatomiteformethyleneblue
AT yingfang studyontheadsorptionpropertiesoforganicallymodifieddiatomiteformethyleneblue
AT hanjiechen studyontheadsorptionpropertiesoforganicallymodifieddiatomiteformethyleneblue
AT meizhang studyontheadsorptionpropertiesoforganicallymodifieddiatomiteformethyleneblue
AT fulongwang studyontheadsorptionpropertiesoforganicallymodifieddiatomiteformethyleneblue