The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders
Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of depression on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and related psychological conditions in adolescents with unipolar disorder (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and to provide a basis for accurate prevention and intervention of NSSI behaviors in adolescents....
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BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02236-0 |
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| author | Zhuofan Ye Fanshi Zhang Ruxue Cui Xixiang Ye Mengqing Tan Tao Tao Xiaozhi Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhuofan Ye Fanshi Zhang Ruxue Cui Xixiang Ye Mengqing Tan Tao Tao Xiaozhi Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhuofan Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of depression on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and related psychological conditions in adolescents with unipolar disorder (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and to provide a basis for accurate prevention and intervention of NSSI behaviors in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from adolescents aged 12–18 years with depressive episodes who exhibited NSSI behaviors and attended the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Huangshi City Psychiatric Specialized Hospital from 2018 to 2023. Depressive episodes were clinically diagnosed by two psychiatrists according to the ICD-10. Results In terms of NSSI behavioral patterns and severity, adolescents with UD displayed more frequent behaviour of intentionally burning themselves with cigarettes and had more instances of self-inflicted suicidal thoughts that were not carried out compared to those with BD, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For psychological status, Nurses′ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) scores were significantly higher in adolescents with BD than in those with UD (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety scores and the frequency of NSSI in adolescents with BD (P < 0.05); that is, the more anxious the adolescents with BD, the lower the frequency of NSSI. The NGASR scores of adolescents with UD and BD were significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI occurrences (P < 0.05); higher NGASR scores of adolescents with UD and BD corresponded with higher frequencies of NSSI. Conclusion The differences in NSSI behaviors between adolescents with UD and those with BD were statistically significant in terms of self-injury method and severity. Adolescents with UD experienced more severe consequences related to NSSI behaviors. Regarding psychological conditions, adolescents with BD are at a higher risk of suicide. An inverse relationship was observed between anxiety severity and the frequency of NSSI in adolescents with BD; severe anxiety was associated with lower NSSI frequency. Additionally, higher suicide risk was associated with a higher frequency of NSSI in adolescent patients with either UD or BD. Therefore, different prevention and intervention measures are needed to address NSSI behaviors in adolescents with UD and BD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7104476c662e4b949cfd800429baaba7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2050-7283 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7104476c662e4b949cfd800429baaba72025-08-20T02:40:18ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832024-12-0112111310.1186/s40359-024-02236-0The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disordersZhuofan Ye0Fanshi Zhang1Ruxue Cui2Xixiang Ye3Mengqing Tan4Tao Tao5Xiaozhi Zhang6Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityPsychological Children’s Ward, Mental Health Center of HuangshiThe Third Men‘s Ward, Mental Health Center of HuangshiDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalPsychological Children’s Ward, Mental Health Center of HuangshiAbstract Objective To investigate the effects of depression on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and related psychological conditions in adolescents with unipolar disorder (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and to provide a basis for accurate prevention and intervention of NSSI behaviors in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from adolescents aged 12–18 years with depressive episodes who exhibited NSSI behaviors and attended the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Huangshi City Psychiatric Specialized Hospital from 2018 to 2023. Depressive episodes were clinically diagnosed by two psychiatrists according to the ICD-10. Results In terms of NSSI behavioral patterns and severity, adolescents with UD displayed more frequent behaviour of intentionally burning themselves with cigarettes and had more instances of self-inflicted suicidal thoughts that were not carried out compared to those with BD, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For psychological status, Nurses′ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) scores were significantly higher in adolescents with BD than in those with UD (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety scores and the frequency of NSSI in adolescents with BD (P < 0.05); that is, the more anxious the adolescents with BD, the lower the frequency of NSSI. The NGASR scores of adolescents with UD and BD were significantly and positively correlated with the frequency of NSSI occurrences (P < 0.05); higher NGASR scores of adolescents with UD and BD corresponded with higher frequencies of NSSI. Conclusion The differences in NSSI behaviors between adolescents with UD and those with BD were statistically significant in terms of self-injury method and severity. Adolescents with UD experienced more severe consequences related to NSSI behaviors. Regarding psychological conditions, adolescents with BD are at a higher risk of suicide. An inverse relationship was observed between anxiety severity and the frequency of NSSI in adolescents with BD; severe anxiety was associated with lower NSSI frequency. Additionally, higher suicide risk was associated with a higher frequency of NSSI in adolescent patients with either UD or BD. Therefore, different prevention and intervention measures are needed to address NSSI behaviors in adolescents with UD and BD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02236-0Unipolar disorderBipolar disorderAdolescent depressionNon-suicidal self-injuryPsychological status |
| spellingShingle | Zhuofan Ye Fanshi Zhang Ruxue Cui Xixiang Ye Mengqing Tan Tao Tao Xiaozhi Zhang The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders BMC Psychology Unipolar disorder Bipolar disorder Adolescent depression Non-suicidal self-injury Psychological status |
| title | The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders |
| title_full | The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders |
| title_fullStr | The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders |
| title_short | The effect of depression on non-suicidal self-injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders |
| title_sort | effect of depression on non suicidal self injury and psychological status in adolescents with unipolar and bipolar disorders |
| topic | Unipolar disorder Bipolar disorder Adolescent depression Non-suicidal self-injury Psychological status |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02236-0 |
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