Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization

Abstract The vocalization behaviour of birds is influenced by multiple factors, such as reproductive status, photoperiod and climatic conditions, which drive adjustments in their calls to respond to environmental changes. This study employed passive acoustic monitoring and automated signal recogniti...

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Main Authors: Peipei Hao, Xiaodong Rao, Wei Liang, Yanyun Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02391-x
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author Peipei Hao
Xiaodong Rao
Wei Liang
Yanyun Zhang
author_facet Peipei Hao
Xiaodong Rao
Wei Liang
Yanyun Zhang
author_sort Peipei Hao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The vocalization behaviour of birds is influenced by multiple factors, such as reproductive status, photoperiod and climatic conditions, which drive adjustments in their calls to respond to environmental changes. This study employed passive acoustic monitoring and automated signal recognition technology to analyse the daily and seasonal variations in the vocal rhythms of the red junglefowl Gallus gallus jabouillei over a complete annual cycle, examining the impact of climatic factors on their calling activity. Results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variations in the vocalization behaviour of red junglefowls. The daily activity patterns showed distinct morning and evening peaks, occurring one hour before sunrise and sunset, respectively. During the breeding season, calling activity progressively increased, reaching its peak during the incubation and brooding periods. The vocal intensity of red junglefowls fluctuated with environmental changes, showing significant associations with daily precipitation and morning temperatures but was unaffected by daily maximum wind speeds. During the full moon, the morning peak was observed to occur earlier than during other lunar phases, whereas the evening peak consistently coincided with sunset. This study further suggested the optimal sampling periods and minimum monitoring durations required to track red junglefowl vocal behaviour, offering guidance for call-based population surveys and passive acoustic monitoring.
format Article
id doaj-art-70ee2b6ffb8c4cea9b0399ca5bf9b13f
institution OA Journals
issn 2730-7182
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Ecology and Evolution
spelling doaj-art-70ee2b6ffb8c4cea9b0399ca5bf9b13f2025-08-20T01:59:56ZengBMCBMC Ecology and Evolution2730-71822025-05-0125111410.1186/s12862-025-02391-xTemporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalizationPeipei Hao0Xiaodong Rao1Wei Liang2Yanyun Zhang3Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversitySchool of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, 5 Hainan UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityAbstract The vocalization behaviour of birds is influenced by multiple factors, such as reproductive status, photoperiod and climatic conditions, which drive adjustments in their calls to respond to environmental changes. This study employed passive acoustic monitoring and automated signal recognition technology to analyse the daily and seasonal variations in the vocal rhythms of the red junglefowl Gallus gallus jabouillei over a complete annual cycle, examining the impact of climatic factors on their calling activity. Results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variations in the vocalization behaviour of red junglefowls. The daily activity patterns showed distinct morning and evening peaks, occurring one hour before sunrise and sunset, respectively. During the breeding season, calling activity progressively increased, reaching its peak during the incubation and brooding periods. The vocal intensity of red junglefowls fluctuated with environmental changes, showing significant associations with daily precipitation and morning temperatures but was unaffected by daily maximum wind speeds. During the full moon, the morning peak was observed to occur earlier than during other lunar phases, whereas the evening peak consistently coincided with sunset. This study further suggested the optimal sampling periods and minimum monitoring durations required to track red junglefowl vocal behaviour, offering guidance for call-based population surveys and passive acoustic monitoring.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02391-xVocal rhythmsAutomatic signal recognitionVocal activity rateEnvironmental factorsGallus gallus jabouillei
spellingShingle Peipei Hao
Xiaodong Rao
Wei Liang
Yanyun Zhang
Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
BMC Ecology and Evolution
Vocal rhythms
Automatic signal recognition
Vocal activity rate
Environmental factors
Gallus gallus jabouillei
title Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
title_full Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
title_fullStr Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
title_full_unstemmed Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
title_short Temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
title_sort temporal patterns and environmental drivers of the red junglefowl vocalization
topic Vocal rhythms
Automatic signal recognition
Vocal activity rate
Environmental factors
Gallus gallus jabouillei
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-025-02391-x
work_keys_str_mv AT peipeihao temporalpatternsandenvironmentaldriversoftheredjunglefowlvocalization
AT xiaodongrao temporalpatternsandenvironmentaldriversoftheredjunglefowlvocalization
AT weiliang temporalpatternsandenvironmentaldriversoftheredjunglefowlvocalization
AT yanyunzhang temporalpatternsandenvironmentaldriversoftheredjunglefowlvocalization