Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan
Abstract The concentration of 16 PAHs and 13 nitro-PAHs bound to total suspended particles were evaluated in outdoor environments in three cluster study locations in the western side of Taiwan. Samples were collected based on U.S. EPA, Method 23A, 1996 with XAD-2, GF7. Analysis was performed using a...
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Springer
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230270 |
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| author | Hsin-Chieh Kung Bo-Wun Huang Justus Kavita Mutuku Guo-Ping Chang-Chien |
| author_facet | Hsin-Chieh Kung Bo-Wun Huang Justus Kavita Mutuku Guo-Ping Chang-Chien |
| author_sort | Hsin-Chieh Kung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The concentration of 16 PAHs and 13 nitro-PAHs bound to total suspended particles were evaluated in outdoor environments in three cluster study locations in the western side of Taiwan. Samples were collected based on U.S. EPA, Method 23A, 1996 with XAD-2, GF7. Analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) Agilent 7890A GC, USA, equipped with a ZB-EPA-EU 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.20 µm, column (Agilent, J&W, USA), coupled to Waters Xevo TQ-S (Waters, UK). The concentrations of PAHs and nitro-PAHs bound to TSP increased southward, whereby the mean ∑TSP-bound PAHs were 723.2 pg m−3, 1633 pg m−3 and 1810 pg m−3, while ∑TSP-bound nitro-PAHs were 50 pg m−3, 107 pg m−3, and 209 pg m−3, for the study area A in Tainan, B in north Kaohsiung, and C, in south Kaohsiung, respectively. Diagnostic ratios indicate the dominance of combustion processes, especially from diesel engines, in the emission of PAHs and nitro-PAHs compared to petrogenic emissions. The improved understanding gained from this investigation provides a valuable springboard for probing the role of PAHs and nitro-PAHs in diseases of unclear etiology in urban areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70e7e7a0196e4f30bee826f55f6200d7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-70e7e7a0196e4f30bee826f55f6200d72025-02-09T12:24:21ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092024-01-0124511410.4209/aaqr.230270Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in TaiwanHsin-Chieh Kung0Bo-Wun Huang1Justus Kavita Mutuku2Guo-Ping Chang-Chien3Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu UniversityDepartment of Mechanical and Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, Cheng Shiu UniversityInstitute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu UniversityInstitute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu UniversityAbstract The concentration of 16 PAHs and 13 nitro-PAHs bound to total suspended particles were evaluated in outdoor environments in three cluster study locations in the western side of Taiwan. Samples were collected based on U.S. EPA, Method 23A, 1996 with XAD-2, GF7. Analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) Agilent 7890A GC, USA, equipped with a ZB-EPA-EU 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.20 µm, column (Agilent, J&W, USA), coupled to Waters Xevo TQ-S (Waters, UK). The concentrations of PAHs and nitro-PAHs bound to TSP increased southward, whereby the mean ∑TSP-bound PAHs were 723.2 pg m−3, 1633 pg m−3 and 1810 pg m−3, while ∑TSP-bound nitro-PAHs were 50 pg m−3, 107 pg m−3, and 209 pg m−3, for the study area A in Tainan, B in north Kaohsiung, and C, in south Kaohsiung, respectively. Diagnostic ratios indicate the dominance of combustion processes, especially from diesel engines, in the emission of PAHs and nitro-PAHs compared to petrogenic emissions. The improved understanding gained from this investigation provides a valuable springboard for probing the role of PAHs and nitro-PAHs in diseases of unclear etiology in urban areas.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230270PAHsNitro-PAHsSourcesSpatial variationsUrbanDiagnostic ratios |
| spellingShingle | Hsin-Chieh Kung Bo-Wun Huang Justus Kavita Mutuku Guo-Ping Chang-Chien Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan Aerosol and Air Quality Research PAHs Nitro-PAHs Sources Spatial variations Urban Diagnostic ratios |
| title | Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan |
| title_full | Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan |
| title_short | Spatial Variations in PAHs and Nitro-PAHs Bound to Total Suspended Solids in Urban Locations in Taiwan |
| title_sort | spatial variations in pahs and nitro pahs bound to total suspended solids in urban locations in taiwan |
| topic | PAHs Nitro-PAHs Sources Spatial variations Urban Diagnostic ratios |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230270 |
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