Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during early life has been linked to gut dysbiosis, which correlates with increased disease severity and a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. However, the impact of such early-life RSV infections on intestinal immunity in adulthood rema...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| author | Stella Liong Felicia Liong Mitra Mohsenipour Elisa L. Hill-Yardin Mark A. Miles Stavros Selemidis |
| author_facet | Stella Liong Felicia Liong Mitra Mohsenipour Elisa L. Hill-Yardin Mark A. Miles Stavros Selemidis |
| author_sort | Stella Liong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during early life has been linked to gut dysbiosis, which correlates with increased disease severity and a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. However, the impact of such early-life RSV infections on intestinal immunity in adulthood remains unclear. Herein, we show that RSV infection in 3-week-old mice induced persistent differential natural killer (NK) and T cell profiles within the lungs and gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoid tissues (GALT) in adulthood. Notably, male mice exhibited more pronounced RSV-induced changes in immune cell populations in both the lungs and GALT, while female mice displayed greater resilience. Importantly, early-life RSV infection was associated with the chronic downregulation of CD69-expressing T lymphocytes, particularly T regulatory cells in Peyer’s patches, which could have a significant impact on T cell functionality and immune tolerance. We propose that RSV infection in early life is a trigger for the breakdown in immune tolerance at mucosal surfaces, with potential implications for airways allergic disease, food allergies, and other GI inflammatory diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70e4a2abb68f48cfb7b28fe823b78b16 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-70e4a2abb68f48cfb7b28fe823b78b162025-08-20T02:11:12ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-10-011320172810.3390/cells13201728Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in AdulthoodStella Liong0Felicia Liong1Mitra Mohsenipour2Elisa L. Hill-Yardin3Mark A. Miles4Stavros Selemidis5Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, AustraliaCentre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, AustraliaSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, AustraliaSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, AustraliaCentre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, AustraliaCentre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, AustraliaSevere respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection during early life has been linked to gut dysbiosis, which correlates with increased disease severity and a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. However, the impact of such early-life RSV infections on intestinal immunity in adulthood remains unclear. Herein, we show that RSV infection in 3-week-old mice induced persistent differential natural killer (NK) and T cell profiles within the lungs and gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoid tissues (GALT) in adulthood. Notably, male mice exhibited more pronounced RSV-induced changes in immune cell populations in both the lungs and GALT, while female mice displayed greater resilience. Importantly, early-life RSV infection was associated with the chronic downregulation of CD69-expressing T lymphocytes, particularly T regulatory cells in Peyer’s patches, which could have a significant impact on T cell functionality and immune tolerance. We propose that RSV infection in early life is a trigger for the breakdown in immune tolerance at mucosal surfaces, with potential implications for airways allergic disease, food allergies, and other GI inflammatory diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/20/1728Peyer’s patchcecal patchinflammationrespiratory syncytial virusT cells |
| spellingShingle | Stella Liong Felicia Liong Mitra Mohsenipour Elisa L. Hill-Yardin Mark A. Miles Stavros Selemidis Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood Cells Peyer’s patch cecal patch inflammation respiratory syncytial virus T cells |
| title | Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood |
| title_full | Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood |
| title_fullStr | Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood |
| title_short | Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Triggers Immunological Changes in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Adulthood |
| title_sort | early life respiratory syncytial virus rsv infection triggers immunological changes in gut associated lymphoid tissues in a sex dependent manner in adulthood |
| topic | Peyer’s patch cecal patch inflammation respiratory syncytial virus T cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/20/1728 |
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