Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation

Silicon (Si) protects plants against insect herbivores; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Polyamines (PAs) play a crucial role in plant–insect interactions. Here, the involvement of Si in putrescine (Put) metabolism and its role in rice resistance against striped stem borer (SSB, &l...

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Main Authors: Hao Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Cunyan Li, Linzhi Fang, Chaoyue Gai, Rensen Zeng, Qiongli Wang, Yuanyuan Song, Daoqian Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2066
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author Hao Zhang
Xiaodong Liu
Cunyan Li
Linzhi Fang
Chaoyue Gai
Rensen Zeng
Qiongli Wang
Yuanyuan Song
Daoqian Chen
author_facet Hao Zhang
Xiaodong Liu
Cunyan Li
Linzhi Fang
Chaoyue Gai
Rensen Zeng
Qiongli Wang
Yuanyuan Song
Daoqian Chen
author_sort Hao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Silicon (Si) protects plants against insect herbivores; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Polyamines (PAs) play a crucial role in plant–insect interactions. Here, the involvement of Si in putrescine (Put) metabolism and its role in rice resistance against striped stem borer (SSB, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> Walker) were investigated. The results showed that SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free Put in rice seedlings. Si application increased rice resistance against SSB and repressed the SSB attack-induced accumulation of Put, in parallel with a decreased expression of Put biosynthesis genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (<i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i>). Moreover, Si application had no significant effect on the wounding-induced expression of <i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i>, but attenuated the further elevation in the transcription of <i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i> induced by SSB larvae oral secretion. Simultaneously, Si addition reduced the Put and spermidine contents in SSB-attacked plants. Furthermore, the exogenous application of Put attenuated Si-enhanced resistance against SSB larvae, whereas exogenous D-arginine, an inhibitor of ADC, showed similar effects to Si on rice resistance against SSB. Our findings indicate that Si improves rice resistance to SSB, at least partly by reducing herbivory-stimulated putrescine accumulation.
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spelling doaj-art-70ced36d028345f7b506c0bbc83c4cef2025-08-20T03:50:20ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011413206610.3390/plants14132066Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine AccumulationHao Zhang0Xiaodong Liu1Cunyan Li2Linzhi Fang3Chaoyue Gai4Rensen Zeng5Qiongli Wang6Yuanyuan Song7Daoqian Chen8Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSilicon (Si) protects plants against insect herbivores; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Polyamines (PAs) play a crucial role in plant–insect interactions. Here, the involvement of Si in putrescine (Put) metabolism and its role in rice resistance against striped stem borer (SSB, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> Walker) were investigated. The results showed that SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free Put in rice seedlings. Si application increased rice resistance against SSB and repressed the SSB attack-induced accumulation of Put, in parallel with a decreased expression of Put biosynthesis genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (<i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i>). Moreover, Si application had no significant effect on the wounding-induced expression of <i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i>, but attenuated the further elevation in the transcription of <i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i> induced by SSB larvae oral secretion. Simultaneously, Si addition reduced the Put and spermidine contents in SSB-attacked plants. Furthermore, the exogenous application of Put attenuated Si-enhanced resistance against SSB larvae, whereas exogenous D-arginine, an inhibitor of ADC, showed similar effects to Si on rice resistance against SSB. Our findings indicate that Si improves rice resistance to SSB, at least partly by reducing herbivory-stimulated putrescine accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2066Silicon (Si)<i>Oryza sativa</i>striped stem borerpolyaminesanti-herbivore resistance
spellingShingle Hao Zhang
Xiaodong Liu
Cunyan Li
Linzhi Fang
Chaoyue Gai
Rensen Zeng
Qiongli Wang
Yuanyuan Song
Daoqian Chen
Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation
Plants
Silicon (Si)
<i>Oryza sativa</i>
striped stem borer
polyamines
anti-herbivore resistance
title Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation
title_full Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation
title_fullStr Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation
title_full_unstemmed Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation
title_short Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation
title_sort silicon protects rice plants against striped stem borer by disturbing herbivory induced putrescine accumulation
topic Silicon (Si)
<i>Oryza sativa</i>
striped stem borer
polyamines
anti-herbivore resistance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2066
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