Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections
BackgroundWind-cold (WC) and Wind-heat (WH) are common syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), presenting different clinical features, but the transcriptomic changes associated with these syndromes remained unclear.Materials and MethodsPatients...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1483098/full |
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| author | Hao Zou Hao Zou Changrui Huang Changrui Huang Qinqi Feng Qinqi Feng Bang Yu Bang Yu Jian Liu Xinyang Shu Xiaolu Nie Hongchun Zhang Xiaohui Zou |
| author_facet | Hao Zou Hao Zou Changrui Huang Changrui Huang Qinqi Feng Qinqi Feng Bang Yu Bang Yu Jian Liu Xinyang Shu Xiaolu Nie Hongchun Zhang Xiaohui Zou |
| author_sort | Hao Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWind-cold (WC) and Wind-heat (WH) are common syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), presenting different clinical features, but the transcriptomic changes associated with these syndromes remained unclear.Materials and MethodsPatients with WC and WH syndromes were recruited from outpatient unit, pharyngeal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. Peripheral blood samples were obtained on day 1 and day 6, with healthy volunteers as controls. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with the two syndromes. Marker genes for each syndrome were identified, and a machine learning classifier was developed.ResultsA total of 124 samples from 34 WC, 30 WH patients, and 16 health controls were included in this study. No significant differences in etiological spectrum were observed between the syndromes. Both syndromes showed distinct gene expression profiles compared to health control. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that TGF-β and Wnt/β -catenin pathways were downregulated in the WH. The oxidative phosphorylation pathways were downregulated in WC cohort compared to the WH cohort. As the URTIs improved from day 1 to day 6, oxidative phosphorylation pathway activity returned to normal levels. The marker genes for WC and WH syndromes were identified and a random forest classifier was built, achieving an accuracy of 0.88.ConclusionWC and WH syndromes demonstrated distinct gene expression profiles, supporting more precise TCM diagnosis. WC syndrome is marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, while WH syndrome is characterized by downregulated TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. |
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| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj-art-70ac0e7dd1294a2ebbee05509f0061bf2025-08-20T02:28:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212024-11-011510.3389/fgene.2024.14830981483098Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infectionsHao Zou0Hao Zou1Changrui Huang2Changrui Huang3Qinqi Feng4Qinqi Feng5Bang Yu6Bang Yu7Jian Liu8Xinyang Shu9Xiaolu Nie10Hongchun Zhang11Xiaohui Zou12Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Children’s Health, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Centre for Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundWind-cold (WC) and Wind-heat (WH) are common syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), presenting different clinical features, but the transcriptomic changes associated with these syndromes remained unclear.Materials and MethodsPatients with WC and WH syndromes were recruited from outpatient unit, pharyngeal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. Peripheral blood samples were obtained on day 1 and day 6, with healthy volunteers as controls. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with the two syndromes. Marker genes for each syndrome were identified, and a machine learning classifier was developed.ResultsA total of 124 samples from 34 WC, 30 WH patients, and 16 health controls were included in this study. No significant differences in etiological spectrum were observed between the syndromes. Both syndromes showed distinct gene expression profiles compared to health control. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that TGF-β and Wnt/β -catenin pathways were downregulated in the WH. The oxidative phosphorylation pathways were downregulated in WC cohort compared to the WH cohort. As the URTIs improved from day 1 to day 6, oxidative phosphorylation pathway activity returned to normal levels. The marker genes for WC and WH syndromes were identified and a random forest classifier was built, achieving an accuracy of 0.88.ConclusionWC and WH syndromes demonstrated distinct gene expression profiles, supporting more precise TCM diagnosis. WC syndrome is marked by mitochondrial dysfunction, while WH syndrome is characterized by downregulated TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1483098/fullupper respiratory tract infectionstraditional Chinese medicinewind-cold syndromewind-heat syndrometranscriptome analysis |
| spellingShingle | Hao Zou Hao Zou Changrui Huang Changrui Huang Qinqi Feng Qinqi Feng Bang Yu Bang Yu Jian Liu Xinyang Shu Xiaolu Nie Hongchun Zhang Xiaohui Zou Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections Frontiers in Genetics upper respiratory tract infections traditional Chinese medicine wind-cold syndrome wind-heat syndrome transcriptome analysis |
| title | Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections |
| title_full | Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections |
| title_short | Longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections |
| title_sort | longitudinal transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression patterns in traditional chinese medicine syndromes of upper respiratory tract infections |
| topic | upper respiratory tract infections traditional Chinese medicine wind-cold syndrome wind-heat syndrome transcriptome analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1483098/full |
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