The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population

To determine the prognosis of Graves’ disease initially presenting with severe subclinical hyperthyroidism, we investigated 110 patients with Graves’ disease with normal FT3 and FT4 levels and TSH below 0.1 μU/mL. Graves’ disease was diagnosed based on the diffuse accumulation of radioiodine in the...

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Main Authors: Yui Nishijima, Tsukasa Murakami, Naoyuki Higaki, Junichi Tani, Hitoshi Noguchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Japan Endocrine Society 2025-06-01
Series:Endocrine Journal
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Online Access:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/6/72_EJ24-0424/_html/-char/en
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author Yui Nishijima
Tsukasa Murakami
Naoyuki Higaki
Junichi Tani
Hitoshi Noguchi
author_facet Yui Nishijima
Tsukasa Murakami
Naoyuki Higaki
Junichi Tani
Hitoshi Noguchi
author_sort Yui Nishijima
collection DOAJ
description To determine the prognosis of Graves’ disease initially presenting with severe subclinical hyperthyroidism, we investigated 110 patients with Graves’ disease with normal FT3 and FT4 levels and TSH below 0.1 μU/mL. Graves’ disease was diagnosed based on the diffuse accumulation of radioiodine in the thyroid in 83 patients, while the other 27 patients were diagnosed based on positive anti-TSH receptor antibodies. Seventy patients did not receive immediate medical treatment for the hyperthyroidism. Forty-four patients developed overt hyperthyroidism after 1–131 (median 3) months. In 19 patients, TSH levels returned to normal after 1–43 (median 6) months. One patient developed persistent hypothyroidism after two months, and another six had subclinical hyperthyroidism during the observation period. The positivity of TSH receptor antibodies was significantly higher (p = 0.0445) in patients who developed overt hyperthyroidism (86.0%) than in other patients (65.4%). Seventeen patients were treated immediately after diagnosis. Seven patients remitted after 2–94 (median 9) months of medical treatment. Another 10 patients remained euthyroid under the continuous administration of small amounts of medication. Some patients with severe subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease develop overt hyperthyroidism. If patients are at risk due to cardiovascular diseases, osteoporotic fractures, or an older age, then immediate treatment can be considered. Otherwise, careful monitoring of the thyroid function without treatment for 6 months is considered to be reasonable. TRAb has been suggested to play a role in the progression of subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease.
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spelling doaj-art-70a76723ea9c427e901f2e1a02df5e4c2025-08-20T03:17:01ZengThe Japan Endocrine SocietyEndocrine Journal1348-45402025-06-0172668969510.1507/endocrj.EJ24-0424endocrjThe prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese populationYui Nishijima0Tsukasa Murakami1Naoyuki Higaki2Junichi Tani3Hitoshi Noguchi4Department of Endocrinology, Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Oita 874-0902, JapanDepartment of Endocrinology, Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Oita 874-0902, JapanDepartment of Endocrinology, Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Oita 874-0902, JapanDepartment of Endocrinology, Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Oita 874-0902, JapanDepartment of Endocrinology, Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Oita 874-0902, JapanTo determine the prognosis of Graves’ disease initially presenting with severe subclinical hyperthyroidism, we investigated 110 patients with Graves’ disease with normal FT3 and FT4 levels and TSH below 0.1 μU/mL. Graves’ disease was diagnosed based on the diffuse accumulation of radioiodine in the thyroid in 83 patients, while the other 27 patients were diagnosed based on positive anti-TSH receptor antibodies. Seventy patients did not receive immediate medical treatment for the hyperthyroidism. Forty-four patients developed overt hyperthyroidism after 1–131 (median 3) months. In 19 patients, TSH levels returned to normal after 1–43 (median 6) months. One patient developed persistent hypothyroidism after two months, and another six had subclinical hyperthyroidism during the observation period. The positivity of TSH receptor antibodies was significantly higher (p = 0.0445) in patients who developed overt hyperthyroidism (86.0%) than in other patients (65.4%). Seventeen patients were treated immediately after diagnosis. Seven patients remitted after 2–94 (median 9) months of medical treatment. Another 10 patients remained euthyroid under the continuous administration of small amounts of medication. Some patients with severe subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease develop overt hyperthyroidism. If patients are at risk due to cardiovascular diseases, osteoporotic fractures, or an older age, then immediate treatment can be considered. Otherwise, careful monitoring of the thyroid function without treatment for 6 months is considered to be reasonable. TRAb has been suggested to play a role in the progression of subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/6/72_EJ24-0424/_html/-char/ensubclinical hyperthyroidismgraves’ diseaseanti-tsh receptor antibodyprognosis
spellingShingle Yui Nishijima
Tsukasa Murakami
Naoyuki Higaki
Junichi Tani
Hitoshi Noguchi
The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population
Endocrine Journal
subclinical hyperthyroidism
graves’ disease
anti-tsh receptor antibody
prognosis
title The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population
title_full The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population
title_fullStr The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population
title_full_unstemmed The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population
title_short The prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH below 0.1 μU/mL due to Graves’ disease in the Japanese population
title_sort prognosis of severe subclinical hyperthyroidism with tsh below 0 1 μu ml due to graves disease in the japanese population
topic subclinical hyperthyroidism
graves’ disease
anti-tsh receptor antibody
prognosis
url https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/6/72_EJ24-0424/_html/-char/en
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