The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease

While there is a link between homocysteine (Hcy), B12 and folic acid and neurodegeneration, especially in disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, its role in Parkinson plus syndromes (PPS) has only been partially investigated. It appears that elevated Hcy, along with an imbalance of its...

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Main Authors: Vasiliki Poulidou, Ioannis Liampas, Marianthi Arnaoutoglou, Efthimios Dardiotis, Vasileios Siokas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/10/1213
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author Vasiliki Poulidou
Ioannis Liampas
Marianthi Arnaoutoglou
Efthimios Dardiotis
Vasileios Siokas
author_facet Vasiliki Poulidou
Ioannis Liampas
Marianthi Arnaoutoglou
Efthimios Dardiotis
Vasileios Siokas
author_sort Vasiliki Poulidou
collection DOAJ
description While there is a link between homocysteine (Hcy), B12 and folic acid and neurodegeneration, especially in disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, its role in Parkinson plus syndromes (PPS) has only been partially investigated. It appears that elevated Hcy, along with an imbalance of its essential vitamin cofactors, are both implicated in the development and progression of parkinsonian syndromes, which represent different disease pathologies, namely alpha-synucleinopathies and tauopathies. Attributing a potential pathogenetic role in hyperhomocysteinemia would be crucial in terms of improving the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of these syndromes and also for providing a new target for possible therapeutic intervention. The scope of this review is to focus on vitamin imbalance in PPS, with a special emphasis on the role of Hcy, B12 and folic acid in the neurodegenerative process and their implication in the therapeutic approach of these disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-709be2ecf0724921994e6e0932cc5baf2025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-09-011410121310.3390/biom14101213The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson DiseaseVasiliki Poulidou0Ioannis Liampas1Marianthi Arnaoutoglou2Efthimios Dardiotis3Vasileios Siokas4First Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kyriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, GreeceWhile there is a link between homocysteine (Hcy), B12 and folic acid and neurodegeneration, especially in disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, its role in Parkinson plus syndromes (PPS) has only been partially investigated. It appears that elevated Hcy, along with an imbalance of its essential vitamin cofactors, are both implicated in the development and progression of parkinsonian syndromes, which represent different disease pathologies, namely alpha-synucleinopathies and tauopathies. Attributing a potential pathogenetic role in hyperhomocysteinemia would be crucial in terms of improving the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of these syndromes and also for providing a new target for possible therapeutic intervention. The scope of this review is to focus on vitamin imbalance in PPS, with a special emphasis on the role of Hcy, B12 and folic acid in the neurodegenerative process and their implication in the therapeutic approach of these disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/10/1213homocysteinevitamin B12folateParkinson plus syndromesalpha-synucleintau protein
spellingShingle Vasiliki Poulidou
Ioannis Liampas
Marianthi Arnaoutoglou
Efthimios Dardiotis
Vasileios Siokas
The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease
Biomolecules
homocysteine
vitamin B12
folate
Parkinson plus syndromes
alpha-synuclein
tau protein
title The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease
title_full The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease
title_fullStr The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease
title_short The Imbalance of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Parkinson Plus Syndromes: A Review beyond Parkinson Disease
title_sort imbalance of homocysteine vitamin b12 and folic acid in parkinson plus syndromes a review beyond parkinson disease
topic homocysteine
vitamin B12
folate
Parkinson plus syndromes
alpha-synuclein
tau protein
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/10/1213
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