Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists (CPs) on vaccination and assess the barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services (CPBVS) in Ethiopia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 CPs in Ethiopia, and que...

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Main Authors: Solome Tadele, Bezawit Negash Demissie, Melaku Tileku Tamiru, Tamrat Assefa Tadesse
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2023-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2023.2291243
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author Solome Tadele
Bezawit Negash Demissie
Melaku Tileku Tamiru
Tamrat Assefa Tadesse
author_facet Solome Tadele
Bezawit Negash Demissie
Melaku Tileku Tamiru
Tamrat Assefa Tadesse
author_sort Solome Tadele
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists (CPs) on vaccination and assess the barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services (CPBVS) in Ethiopia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 CPs in Ethiopia, and questionnaires were distributed to CPs through the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Association telegram group and e-mail invitations. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Most CPs (92%) had good knowledge of vaccination, and 43.5% strongly agreed that the population’s immunization rates would rise if CPs were authorized to provide vaccinations. The overall mean attitude score (±SD) toward vaccination was 35.95 (±4.11) out of a total score of 45, with 187 (44.2%) scoring below the mean. The most common barriers were lack of authorization (94.1%), costs and time associated with professional development and training (71.4%), time requirements for professional development (70%), and insufficient staff or resources for implementation (70%). Two hundred thirty CPs (54.4%) expressed a willingness to implement CPBVS. Educational qualifications were significantly associated with knowledge of CPs regarding vaccination. Those with inadequate knowledge had about 2.5 times (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.31, p = .016) a poorer attitude toward vaccination services compared with those with adequate knowledge. Those study participants who had a good attitude toward vaccination services were nearly seven (AOR = 6.80, 95% CI: 4.36–10.59, p = .0001) times more willing to provide CPBVS when compared with their counterparts. Implementing CPBVS in Ethiopia requires overcoming barriers and providing professional development opportunities.
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spelling doaj-art-7091fe45eab349bebb6d75fd7f20d2222025-08-20T02:31:56ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2023-12-0119310.1080/21645515.2023.2291243Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in EthiopiaSolome Tadele0Bezawit Negash Demissie1Melaku Tileku Tamiru2Tamrat Assefa Tadesse3School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaSchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaSchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaSchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThis study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists (CPs) on vaccination and assess the barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services (CPBVS) in Ethiopia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 CPs in Ethiopia, and questionnaires were distributed to CPs through the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Association telegram group and e-mail invitations. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Most CPs (92%) had good knowledge of vaccination, and 43.5% strongly agreed that the population’s immunization rates would rise if CPs were authorized to provide vaccinations. The overall mean attitude score (±SD) toward vaccination was 35.95 (±4.11) out of a total score of 45, with 187 (44.2%) scoring below the mean. The most common barriers were lack of authorization (94.1%), costs and time associated with professional development and training (71.4%), time requirements for professional development (70%), and insufficient staff or resources for implementation (70%). Two hundred thirty CPs (54.4%) expressed a willingness to implement CPBVS. Educational qualifications were significantly associated with knowledge of CPs regarding vaccination. Those with inadequate knowledge had about 2.5 times (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.31, p = .016) a poorer attitude toward vaccination services compared with those with adequate knowledge. Those study participants who had a good attitude toward vaccination services were nearly seven (AOR = 6.80, 95% CI: 4.36–10.59, p = .0001) times more willing to provide CPBVS when compared with their counterparts. Implementing CPBVS in Ethiopia requires overcoming barriers and providing professional development opportunities.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2023.2291243Community pharmacistscommunity pharmacist-based vaccination serviceknowledgeattitudesbarrierswillingness
spellingShingle Solome Tadele
Bezawit Negash Demissie
Melaku Tileku Tamiru
Tamrat Assefa Tadesse
Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Community pharmacists
community pharmacist-based vaccination service
knowledge
attitudes
barriers
willingness
title Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia
title_full Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia
title_short Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination, barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy-based vaccination services in Ethiopia
title_sort knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists on vaccination barriers and willingness to implement community pharmacy based vaccination services in ethiopia
topic Community pharmacists
community pharmacist-based vaccination service
knowledge
attitudes
barriers
willingness
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2023.2291243
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