Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction

Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the bactericidal efficacy of Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP-1) on standard bedsheets in Long-term care facility (LTCF). The research quantifies total viable bacteria and MRSA counts and evaluates the percentage difference between treated and contro...

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Main Authors: Awais Farid, Wei Han, Joseph K.C. Kwan, King Lun Yeung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01555-0
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author Awais Farid
Wei Han
Joseph K.C. Kwan
King Lun Yeung
author_facet Awais Farid
Wei Han
Joseph K.C. Kwan
King Lun Yeung
author_sort Awais Farid
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the bactericidal efficacy of Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP-1) on standard bedsheets in Long-term care facility (LTCF). The research quantifies total viable bacteria and MRSA counts and evaluates the percentage difference between treated and control bedding material over a one-week period. Design: A double-blind interventional, double cross-over study. Setting: Haven of Hope Woo Ping Care and Attention Home in Sai Kung, Hong Kong. Methods Over an 8-week period, bedding materials from residents’ rooms were sampled, totalling 288 samples from 96 bedsheets, with half treated with MAP-1 and the remaining serving as controls. MAP-1, developed at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, incorporates USFDA and USEPA-approved polymers. Sampling procedures adhered to standardized protocols, and bacterial counts were determined using culture methods. Data analysis employed t-tests and ANOVA to compare microbial loads between the control and treatment groups, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results The study revealed a significant reduction in total viable bacteria and MRSA counts on bedsheets treated with MAP-1. Noteworthy reductions of 80.37% for total bacteria and 87.31% for MRSA at the end of seven-day use, in the intervention group compared to the control. These reductions were statistically significant across all four observation periods and among both male and female residents. Conclusion The study establishes the bactericidal efficacy of MAP-1 on standard bedsheets, showcasing its potential in diminishing total bacterial counts and MRSA contamination. These results hold promise for enhancing infection control practices and promoting improved sanitary conditions within healthcare settings.
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spelling doaj-art-70904a3ea934400ea45f38fea110a92a2025-08-20T02:19:08ZengBMCAntimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control2047-29942025-04-011411810.1186/s13756-025-01555-0Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reductionAwais Farid0Wei Han1Joseph K.C. Kwan2King Lun Yeung3Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyDivision of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyDivision of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyDivision of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Objective This study aims to assess the bactericidal efficacy of Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer (MAP-1) on standard bedsheets in Long-term care facility (LTCF). The research quantifies total viable bacteria and MRSA counts and evaluates the percentage difference between treated and control bedding material over a one-week period. Design: A double-blind interventional, double cross-over study. Setting: Haven of Hope Woo Ping Care and Attention Home in Sai Kung, Hong Kong. Methods Over an 8-week period, bedding materials from residents’ rooms were sampled, totalling 288 samples from 96 bedsheets, with half treated with MAP-1 and the remaining serving as controls. MAP-1, developed at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, incorporates USFDA and USEPA-approved polymers. Sampling procedures adhered to standardized protocols, and bacterial counts were determined using culture methods. Data analysis employed t-tests and ANOVA to compare microbial loads between the control and treatment groups, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results The study revealed a significant reduction in total viable bacteria and MRSA counts on bedsheets treated with MAP-1. Noteworthy reductions of 80.37% for total bacteria and 87.31% for MRSA at the end of seven-day use, in the intervention group compared to the control. These reductions were statistically significant across all four observation periods and among both male and female residents. Conclusion The study establishes the bactericidal efficacy of MAP-1 on standard bedsheets, showcasing its potential in diminishing total bacterial counts and MRSA contamination. These results hold promise for enhancing infection control practices and promoting improved sanitary conditions within healthcare settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01555-0MDROs contaminationMultilevel antimicrobial polymer (MAP-1) coatingHealthcare-associated infectionsBacterial reductionBactericidal efficacyLong-term caring facility (LTCF)
spellingShingle Awais Farid
Wei Han
Joseph K.C. Kwan
King Lun Yeung
Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
MDROs contamination
Multilevel antimicrobial polymer (MAP-1) coating
Healthcare-associated infections
Bacterial reduction
Bactericidal efficacy
Long-term caring facility (LTCF)
title Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction
title_full Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction
title_fullStr Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction
title_short Enhancing bedding hygiene in long-term care facilities: investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers (MAP-1) on bacterial and MDRO reduction
title_sort enhancing bedding hygiene in long term care facilities investigating the impact of multilevel antimicrobial polymers map 1 on bacterial and mdro reduction
topic MDROs contamination
Multilevel antimicrobial polymer (MAP-1) coating
Healthcare-associated infections
Bacterial reduction
Bactericidal efficacy
Long-term caring facility (LTCF)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01555-0
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