From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan

On 5–6 July 2017 (J17), an unusual series of rainfalls induced a concentration of precipitations in Northern Kyushu, Japan, reaching 516 mm in 24 h in Asakura City, a first in its history since the beginning of observation in 1976. This triggered unprecedented hydro-meteorological hazards (landslide...

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Main Authors: Mélody Dumont, Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta, Christopher Gomez, Candide Lissak, Vincent Viel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-07-01
Series:Proceedings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/87/1/42
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author Mélody Dumont
Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta
Christopher Gomez
Candide Lissak
Vincent Viel
author_facet Mélody Dumont
Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta
Christopher Gomez
Candide Lissak
Vincent Viel
author_sort Mélody Dumont
collection DOAJ
description On 5–6 July 2017 (J17), an unusual series of rainfalls induced a concentration of precipitations in Northern Kyushu, Japan, reaching 516 mm in 24 h in Asakura City, a first in its history since the beginning of observation in 1976. This triggered unprecedented hydro-meteorological hazards (landslides, debris flows, and floods) in forested mountainous areas, such as in the Akatani watershed, where the estimated discharge reached 520 m<sup>3</sup>/s at its outflow. It induced numerous deaths, structural damages, destruction of river channels, and deposition of sediment in flood plains. If smaller-scale hazards have usually driven authorities to build protection systems in the watershed, the J17 crisis called for a full remodeling of it, interrupting waterways and reshaping slope shapes and structures. Considering the means deployed by the central government for this reconstruction, the J17 event triggered a full “re-construction” of rivers, modifying the hydrosystem’s functioning at the watershed scale. Thus, our objective is to show that after the relative stability of Akatani watershed’s hydrosystem over 75 y, the exceptionality of the J17 crisis forced us to rethink the watershed’s organization, using this event as the reference for post-disaster reconstruction. The research relies on field surveys in 2019 and 2022, interviews of officials, and GIS analysis based on historical aerial photograph interpretation and geospatial data. It revealed that (a) the geometry of post-disaster channels was completely redesigned to match a new reference and (b) sediment control structures were multiplied to restructure slopes, breaking the slope angles into subwatersheds. The Akatani watershed case then illustrates the full range of structural measures developed by Japanese engineering to reduce hydrological risks.
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spelling doaj-art-708e43a01d4b4f0695af99f8a1bea7272025-08-20T01:49:07ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002023-07-018714210.3390/IECG2022-14820From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in JapanMélody Dumont0Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta1Christopher Gomez2Candide Lissak3Vincent Viel4UMR 8586 PRODIG, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, FranceUMR 8586 PRODIG, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, FranceLaboratory of Environmental Sedimentology and Sediment Hazards, Department of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-002, JapanUFR SEGGAT Laboratoire IDEES-Caen (Identification et Différentiation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés), Université Caen Normandie UMR 6266 CNRS, 14032 Caen, FranceUMR 8586 PRODIG, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, FranceOn 5–6 July 2017 (J17), an unusual series of rainfalls induced a concentration of precipitations in Northern Kyushu, Japan, reaching 516 mm in 24 h in Asakura City, a first in its history since the beginning of observation in 1976. This triggered unprecedented hydro-meteorological hazards (landslides, debris flows, and floods) in forested mountainous areas, such as in the Akatani watershed, where the estimated discharge reached 520 m<sup>3</sup>/s at its outflow. It induced numerous deaths, structural damages, destruction of river channels, and deposition of sediment in flood plains. If smaller-scale hazards have usually driven authorities to build protection systems in the watershed, the J17 crisis called for a full remodeling of it, interrupting waterways and reshaping slope shapes and structures. Considering the means deployed by the central government for this reconstruction, the J17 event triggered a full “re-construction” of rivers, modifying the hydrosystem’s functioning at the watershed scale. Thus, our objective is to show that after the relative stability of Akatani watershed’s hydrosystem over 75 y, the exceptionality of the J17 crisis forced us to rethink the watershed’s organization, using this event as the reference for post-disaster reconstruction. The research relies on field surveys in 2019 and 2022, interviews of officials, and GIS analysis based on historical aerial photograph interpretation and geospatial data. It revealed that (a) the geometry of post-disaster channels was completely redesigned to match a new reference and (b) sediment control structures were multiplied to restructure slopes, breaking the slope angles into subwatersheds. The Akatani watershed case then illustrates the full range of structural measures developed by Japanese engineering to reduce hydrological risks.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/87/1/42post-disaster reconstructionRiver System SaboAkatani watershed
spellingShingle Mélody Dumont
Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta
Christopher Gomez
Candide Lissak
Vincent Viel
From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan
Proceedings
post-disaster reconstruction
River System Sabo
Akatani watershed
title From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan
title_full From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan
title_fullStr From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan
title_full_unstemmed From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan
title_short From the Hydroclimatic Disaster to the Forced (Re)construction: Case Study of the Akatani Watershed in Japan
title_sort from the hydroclimatic disaster to the forced re construction case study of the akatani watershed in japan
topic post-disaster reconstruction
River System Sabo
Akatani watershed
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/87/1/42
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