Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant

With the increasing awareness of energy consumption issues, there has been a growing emphasis on energy-saving retrofits for central air-conditioning systems that constitute a significant proportion of energy consumption in buildings. Efficient energy utilization can be achieved by optimizing the mo...

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Main Authors: Xuanru Xu, Lun Zhang, Jun Chen, Qingbin Lin, Junjie Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4147
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author Xuanru Xu
Lun Zhang
Jun Chen
Qingbin Lin
Junjie Chen
author_facet Xuanru Xu
Lun Zhang
Jun Chen
Qingbin Lin
Junjie Chen
author_sort Xuanru Xu
collection DOAJ
description With the increasing awareness of energy consumption issues, there has been a growing emphasis on energy-saving retrofits for central air-conditioning systems that constitute a significant proportion of energy consumption in buildings. Efficient energy utilization can be achieved by optimizing the modeling of the equipment within the chiller plants of central air-conditioning systems. Traditional modeling approaches have been static and have focused on modeling within narrow time frames when a certain amount of equipment operating data has accumulated, thus prioritizing the precision of the model itself while overlooking the fact that energy-saving retrofits are a long-term process. This study proposes a modeling scheme for the equipment within chiller plants throughout the energy-saving retrofit process. Based on the differences in the amount of available operating data for the equipment and the progress of retrofit implementation, the retrofit process was divided into three stages, each employing different modeling techniques and ensuring smooth transitions between the stages. The equipment within the chiller plants is categorized into two types based on the clarity of their operating characteristics, and two modeling schemes are proposed accordingly. Based on the proposed modeling scheme, chillers and chilled-water pumps were selected to represent the two types of equipment. Real operating data from actual retrofit projects was used to model the equipment and evaluate the accuracy of the model predictions. The results indicate that the models established by the proposed modeling scheme exhibit good accuracy at each stage of the retrofit, with the coefficients of variation (<i>CV</i>) remaining below 6.88%. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy improved as the retrofitting process progressed. The modeling scheme performs better on equipment with simpler and clearer operating characteristics, with a <i>CV</i> as low as 0.67% during normal operation stages. This underscores the potential application of the proposed modeling scheme throughout the energy-saving retrofit process and provides a model foundation for the subsequent optimization of the refrigeration system.
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spelling doaj-art-708ac10c7f45433d982af3b50dff294c2025-08-20T04:00:54ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-08-011815414710.3390/en18154147Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration PlantXuanru Xu0Lun Zhang1Jun Chen2Qingbin Lin3Junjie Chen4School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaArchitectural Design and Research Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaWith the increasing awareness of energy consumption issues, there has been a growing emphasis on energy-saving retrofits for central air-conditioning systems that constitute a significant proportion of energy consumption in buildings. Efficient energy utilization can be achieved by optimizing the modeling of the equipment within the chiller plants of central air-conditioning systems. Traditional modeling approaches have been static and have focused on modeling within narrow time frames when a certain amount of equipment operating data has accumulated, thus prioritizing the precision of the model itself while overlooking the fact that energy-saving retrofits are a long-term process. This study proposes a modeling scheme for the equipment within chiller plants throughout the energy-saving retrofit process. Based on the differences in the amount of available operating data for the equipment and the progress of retrofit implementation, the retrofit process was divided into three stages, each employing different modeling techniques and ensuring smooth transitions between the stages. The equipment within the chiller plants is categorized into two types based on the clarity of their operating characteristics, and two modeling schemes are proposed accordingly. Based on the proposed modeling scheme, chillers and chilled-water pumps were selected to represent the two types of equipment. Real operating data from actual retrofit projects was used to model the equipment and evaluate the accuracy of the model predictions. The results indicate that the models established by the proposed modeling scheme exhibit good accuracy at each stage of the retrofit, with the coefficients of variation (<i>CV</i>) remaining below 6.88%. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy improved as the retrofitting process progressed. The modeling scheme performs better on equipment with simpler and clearer operating characteristics, with a <i>CV</i> as low as 0.67% during normal operation stages. This underscores the potential application of the proposed modeling scheme throughout the energy-saving retrofit process and provides a model foundation for the subsequent optimization of the refrigeration system.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4147device modelingenergy-saving retrofitincremental learningrefrigeration plant
spellingShingle Xuanru Xu
Lun Zhang
Jun Chen
Qingbin Lin
Junjie Chen
Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant
Energies
device modeling
energy-saving retrofit
incremental learning
refrigeration plant
title Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant
title_full Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant
title_fullStr Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant
title_full_unstemmed Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant
title_short Device Modeling Method for the Entire Process of Energy-Saving Retrofit of a Refrigeration Plant
title_sort device modeling method for the entire process of energy saving retrofit of a refrigeration plant
topic device modeling
energy-saving retrofit
incremental learning
refrigeration plant
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4147
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