Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag
Silver nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used forms of silver (Ag) in nanotechnology applications due to their antibacterial properties and electrical and thermal resistance. The increasing production and use of products containing nanoparticles has led to their release into and contaminati...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Joanna Kyziol-Komosinska Agnieszka Dzieniszewska Justyna Czupioł |
| author_facet | Joanna Kyziol-Komosinska Agnieszka Dzieniszewska Justyna Czupioł |
| author_sort | Joanna Kyziol-Komosinska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Silver nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used forms of silver (Ag) in nanotechnology applications due to their antibacterial properties and electrical and thermal resistance. The increasing production and use of products containing nanoparticles has led to their release into and contamination of soil and water. This review summarizes the literature on the fate, behavior (adsorption/desorption, precipitation/oxidative dissolution, transformation), and transport/mobility of Ag forms in soils (Ag<sup>+</sup> ions and Ag nanoparticles—AgNPs). The behavior of Ag<sup>+</sup>/AgNPs in soil is a complex process. It depends on many factors, including the characteristics of the Ag forms (ions, nanoparticle size, ligand type used for coating, surface charge, initial Ag concentration), the soil properties (organic matter and clay mineral content, textural properties, point of zero charge, cation exchange capacity, surface functional groups), and the solute properties (pH–Eh, ionic strength, cation type, oxygen content). The binding of Ag<sup>+</sup> and AgNPs is significantly positively correlated with Al/Fe/Mn oxide and SOM content and depends on the surface charge of the minerals and CEC, which controls adsorption processes. Very important parameters to consider are the pH and Eh of the solution, which determine the durability of the ligands, the aggregation rate and the oxidation process of AgNPs, as well as the presence of sulfide and chloride and the Cl/Ag ratio, which determine the stability/mobility of Ag. Since AgNPs can be oxidized to Ag<sup>+</sup> ions during their life cycle, it is necessary to consider the behavior of both forms of Ag in soils. Understanding the transport and behavior of Ag in soil is essential for the environmental risk assessment and management of wastes containing Ag. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70644dad1073475e948825a6a93e7a91 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-70644dad1073475e948825a6a93e7a912024-12-13T16:28:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012923553110.3390/molecules29235531Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic AgJoanna Kyziol-Komosinska0Agnieszka Dzieniszewska1Justyna Czupioł2Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, PolandInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, PolandSilver nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used forms of silver (Ag) in nanotechnology applications due to their antibacterial properties and electrical and thermal resistance. The increasing production and use of products containing nanoparticles has led to their release into and contamination of soil and water. This review summarizes the literature on the fate, behavior (adsorption/desorption, precipitation/oxidative dissolution, transformation), and transport/mobility of Ag forms in soils (Ag<sup>+</sup> ions and Ag nanoparticles—AgNPs). The behavior of Ag<sup>+</sup>/AgNPs in soil is a complex process. It depends on many factors, including the characteristics of the Ag forms (ions, nanoparticle size, ligand type used for coating, surface charge, initial Ag concentration), the soil properties (organic matter and clay mineral content, textural properties, point of zero charge, cation exchange capacity, surface functional groups), and the solute properties (pH–Eh, ionic strength, cation type, oxygen content). The binding of Ag<sup>+</sup> and AgNPs is significantly positively correlated with Al/Fe/Mn oxide and SOM content and depends on the surface charge of the minerals and CEC, which controls adsorption processes. Very important parameters to consider are the pH and Eh of the solution, which determine the durability of the ligands, the aggregation rate and the oxidation process of AgNPs, as well as the presence of sulfide and chloride and the Cl/Ag ratio, which determine the stability/mobility of Ag. Since AgNPs can be oxidized to Ag<sup>+</sup> ions during their life cycle, it is necessary to consider the behavior of both forms of Ag in soils. Understanding the transport and behavior of Ag in soil is essential for the environmental risk assessment and management of wastes containing Ag.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5531adsorptionclay mineralsFe (oxyhydr)oxidesoxidative dissolutionsequential chemical extractionsilver forms |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Kyziol-Komosinska Agnieszka Dzieniszewska Justyna Czupioł Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag Molecules adsorption clay minerals Fe (oxyhydr)oxides oxidative dissolution sequential chemical extraction silver forms |
| title | Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag |
| title_full | Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag |
| title_fullStr | Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag |
| title_short | Behavior of Silver Species in Soil: Ag Nanoparticles vs. Ionic Ag |
| title_sort | behavior of silver species in soil ag nanoparticles vs ionic ag |
| topic | adsorption clay minerals Fe (oxyhydr)oxides oxidative dissolution sequential chemical extraction silver forms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5531 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joannakyziolkomosinska behaviorofsilverspeciesinsoilagnanoparticlesvsionicag AT agnieszkadzieniszewska behaviorofsilverspeciesinsoilagnanoparticlesvsionicag AT justynaczupioł behaviorofsilverspeciesinsoilagnanoparticlesvsionicag |