Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations

Presently, SOLPS-ITER does not replicate the levels of plasma-molecular interactions seen during deep detachment on the Super-X divertors of MAST-Upgrade and TCV. At low temperatures ( $T_{\mathrm{e}} \lt 1\,\mathrm{eV}$ ) relevant to deep detachment, the AMJUEL reaction database contains discrepanc...

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Main Authors: J. Bryant, K. McKay, J.R. Harrison, D. Moulton, K. Verhaegh, C. Cowley, R.C. Bergmayr, U. Fantz, D. Wünderlich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Nuclear Fusion
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb3bb
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author J. Bryant
K. McKay
J.R. Harrison
D. Moulton
K. Verhaegh
C. Cowley
R.C. Bergmayr
U. Fantz
D. Wünderlich
author_facet J. Bryant
K. McKay
J.R. Harrison
D. Moulton
K. Verhaegh
C. Cowley
R.C. Bergmayr
U. Fantz
D. Wünderlich
author_sort J. Bryant
collection DOAJ
description Presently, SOLPS-ITER does not replicate the levels of plasma-molecular interactions seen during deep detachment on the Super-X divertors of MAST-Upgrade and TCV. At low temperatures ( $T_{\mathrm{e}} \lt 1\,\mathrm{eV}$ ) relevant to deep detachment, the AMJUEL reaction database contains discrepancies for detachment relevant molecular processes. In order to correct this the vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H _2 (Yacora $H_{2}(X^{1},v)$ ) has been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from the cross-sections of the Yacora $H_{2}(X^{1},v)$ model effective rate coefficients for these molecular processes. Reduced and extended implementations of Yacora $H_{2}(X^{1},v)$ were constructed to form EIRENE-style databases for use in SOLPS-ITER. The reduced implementation utilises the same processes as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst the extended implementation adds additional processes. The improved cross-sectional data lowers the threshold for molecular charge exchange (MCX) compared to AMJUEL, whilst the inclusion of the additional processes boosts the vibrational excitation in the molecular ground state providing the additional excitation energy required for MCX to be significant at low temperatures ( $T_{\mathrm{e}} \lt 5\,\mathrm{eV}$ ). When applied to a SOLPS-ITER isolated divertor leg setup, both implementations produce greater levels of MCX that result in elevated molecular ion densities ( $D_{2}^{+}$ ) than the default rate setup. The higher levels of $D_{2}^{+}$ contribute to detachment via increased levels of Molecular Activated Recombination and Molecular Activated Dissociation. These plasma-molecular interactions elevate the neutral population. During detachment this has a strong impact on power and momentum losses, as well as elevated levels of Balmer α line emission and an earlier onset of the ion target flux rollover. These effects are strongest when the extended database is used.
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spelling doaj-art-7057349f863f456f89db323591e8f0ee2025-08-20T02:13:23ZengIOP PublishingNuclear Fusion0029-55152025-01-0165303602510.1088/1741-4326/adb3bbImpact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulationsJ. Bryant0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1193-7972K. McKay1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-7994J.R. Harrison2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2906-5097D. Moulton3https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8439-9551K. Verhaegh4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-2764C. Cowley5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-8922R.C. Bergmayr6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-0850U. Fantz7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-3477D. Wünderlich8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-9633Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUKAEA, Culham Campus , Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUKAEA, Culham Campus , Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUKAEA, Culham Campus , Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandYork Plasma Institute , University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DQ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Plasma Physics , 85748 Garching bei München, GermanyPresently, SOLPS-ITER does not replicate the levels of plasma-molecular interactions seen during deep detachment on the Super-X divertors of MAST-Upgrade and TCV. At low temperatures ( $T_{\mathrm{e}} \lt 1\,\mathrm{eV}$ ) relevant to deep detachment, the AMJUEL reaction database contains discrepancies for detachment relevant molecular processes. In order to correct this the vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H _2 (Yacora $H_{2}(X^{1},v)$ ) has been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from the cross-sections of the Yacora $H_{2}(X^{1},v)$ model effective rate coefficients for these molecular processes. Reduced and extended implementations of Yacora $H_{2}(X^{1},v)$ were constructed to form EIRENE-style databases for use in SOLPS-ITER. The reduced implementation utilises the same processes as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst the extended implementation adds additional processes. The improved cross-sectional data lowers the threshold for molecular charge exchange (MCX) compared to AMJUEL, whilst the inclusion of the additional processes boosts the vibrational excitation in the molecular ground state providing the additional excitation energy required for MCX to be significant at low temperatures ( $T_{\mathrm{e}} \lt 5\,\mathrm{eV}$ ). When applied to a SOLPS-ITER isolated divertor leg setup, both implementations produce greater levels of MCX that result in elevated molecular ion densities ( $D_{2}^{+}$ ) than the default rate setup. The higher levels of $D_{2}^{+}$ contribute to detachment via increased levels of Molecular Activated Recombination and Molecular Activated Dissociation. These plasma-molecular interactions elevate the neutral population. During detachment this has a strong impact on power and momentum losses, as well as elevated levels of Balmer α line emission and an earlier onset of the ion target flux rollover. These effects are strongest when the extended database is used.https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb3bbexhaustplasma chemistrydetachmentalternative divertorstokamakscrape off layer
spellingShingle J. Bryant
K. McKay
J.R. Harrison
D. Moulton
K. Verhaegh
C. Cowley
R.C. Bergmayr
U. Fantz
D. Wünderlich
Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
Nuclear Fusion
exhaust
plasma chemistry
detachment
alternative divertors
tokamak
scrape off layer
title Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
title_full Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
title_fullStr Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
title_short Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
title_sort impact of yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached solps iter simulations
topic exhaust
plasma chemistry
detachment
alternative divertors
tokamak
scrape off layer
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb3bb
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