Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly relevant in precision agriculture, particularly for plant protection applications. However, optimizing UAV spray performance remains a challenge due to the complex interactions between droplet size, flight parameters, and environmental conditi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Doğan Güneş, Hideo Hasegawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Smart Agricultural Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525002461
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850128333198589952
author Doğan Güneş
Hideo Hasegawa
author_facet Doğan Güneş
Hideo Hasegawa
author_sort Doğan Güneş
collection DOAJ
description Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly relevant in precision agriculture, particularly for plant protection applications. However, optimizing UAV spray performance remains a challenge due to the complex interactions between droplet size, flight parameters, and environmental conditions. This study aims to enhance spray deposition efficiency by integrating field experiments, statistical evaluations, and based on physics simulation models. Experimental data were collected under actual conditions field conditions using four droplet size categories (60, 100, 140, and 180 μm) and two flight altitudes (2 m and 3 m) at speeds of 5.5 m/s and 6.9 m/s. Coverage rate, real droplet size, and deposition uniformity were assessed. Statistical tests (Levene’s test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn’s test) identified significant differences among experimental groups. Machine learning models (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to evaluate parameter importance and predict real droplet size and coverage performance. Additionally, particle-based simulations were conducted in Python to visualize droplet deposition patterns under six UAV flight scenarios. Results showed that flight speed and droplet size were the most influential factors affecting spray coverage. Among the tested configurations, the 2 m / 5.5 m/s combination provided the best balance between coverage rate and distribution uniformity. The heatmaps based on simulation confirmed and visually supported the experimental findings. This integrated approach demonstrates the potential of combining field data with simulation and machine learning to optimize UAV spraying strategies, offering a framework for broader applications in sustainable agriculture.
format Article
id doaj-art-7052cf2b67c84326a9eb13a5604bf8cc
institution OA Journals
issn 2772-3755
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Smart Agricultural Technology
spelling doaj-art-7052cf2b67c84326a9eb13a5604bf8cc2025-08-20T02:33:20ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-08-011110101310.1016/j.atech.2025.101013Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approachesDoğan Güneş0Hideo Hasegawa1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; Corresponding author.Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, JapanUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly relevant in precision agriculture, particularly for plant protection applications. However, optimizing UAV spray performance remains a challenge due to the complex interactions between droplet size, flight parameters, and environmental conditions. This study aims to enhance spray deposition efficiency by integrating field experiments, statistical evaluations, and based on physics simulation models. Experimental data were collected under actual conditions field conditions using four droplet size categories (60, 100, 140, and 180 μm) and two flight altitudes (2 m and 3 m) at speeds of 5.5 m/s and 6.9 m/s. Coverage rate, real droplet size, and deposition uniformity were assessed. Statistical tests (Levene’s test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn’s test) identified significant differences among experimental groups. Machine learning models (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to evaluate parameter importance and predict real droplet size and coverage performance. Additionally, particle-based simulations were conducted in Python to visualize droplet deposition patterns under six UAV flight scenarios. Results showed that flight speed and droplet size were the most influential factors affecting spray coverage. Among the tested configurations, the 2 m / 5.5 m/s combination provided the best balance between coverage rate and distribution uniformity. The heatmaps based on simulation confirmed and visually supported the experimental findings. This integrated approach demonstrates the potential of combining field data with simulation and machine learning to optimize UAV spraying strategies, offering a framework for broader applications in sustainable agriculture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525002461Sustainable agricultureSmart farming technologiesAgricultural dronesUAV sprayersPlant protection machineryMachine learning
spellingShingle Doğan Güneş
Hideo Hasegawa
Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
Smart Agricultural Technology
Sustainable agriculture
Smart farming technologies
Agricultural drones
UAV sprayers
Plant protection machinery
Machine learning
title Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
title_full Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
title_fullStr Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
title_short Optimizing UAV sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
title_sort optimizing uav sprayer performance using field data and machine learning approaches
topic Sustainable agriculture
Smart farming technologies
Agricultural drones
UAV sprayers
Plant protection machinery
Machine learning
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525002461
work_keys_str_mv AT dogangunes optimizinguavsprayerperformanceusingfielddataandmachinelearningapproaches
AT hideohasegawa optimizinguavsprayerperformanceusingfielddataandmachinelearningapproaches