High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh

Abstract Background Bangladesh is already prone to extreme weather events like heatwaves, leaving millions vulnerable. High ambient temperatures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality by infectious diseases, but the effect of these high temperatures indoors remains to be studied. Obje...

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Main Authors: Alba McGirr, Srizan Chowdhury, Md Fozla Rabbi, Md Mehedi Hasan, Md Sharoardy Sagar, Nabilah Ibnat, Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21597-8
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author Alba McGirr
Srizan Chowdhury
Md Fozla Rabbi
Md Mehedi Hasan
Md Sharoardy Sagar
Nabilah Ibnat
Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi
author_facet Alba McGirr
Srizan Chowdhury
Md Fozla Rabbi
Md Mehedi Hasan
Md Sharoardy Sagar
Nabilah Ibnat
Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi
author_sort Alba McGirr
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Bangladesh is already prone to extreme weather events like heatwaves, leaving millions vulnerable. High ambient temperatures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality by infectious diseases, but the effect of these high temperatures indoors remains to be studied. Objective This study investigated the effect of high indoor temperatures on the feelings of illness and heat coping mechanisms in vulnerable populations without heat mitigation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 490 houses in rural villages in the coastal area of Chakaria, Bangladesh chosen through stratified cluster sampling. It assessed the feelings of illness and their adaptative behaviour to high temperatures. There were 49 temperature and humidity monitors placed indoors to obtain accurate measurements of these parameters in different areas and with different house materials. This information was used to determine the effect of high indoor temperatures on the symptoms that vulnerable populations reported. Results People living in hotter houses reported overall more symptoms, notably, diarrhoea, local site infections and sore throat. Temperatures were higher in houses made of bamboo compared to cement and having shade significantly decreased indoor temperature. Most women in the study reported performing adequate heat coping mechanisms. However, these did not show a protective effect against illness. Conclusion This paper showed that high indoor temperatures could be associated with an increase in symptoms. Housing characteristics (material and environment) decreased indoor temperature. Having shading and a house made from cement was protective to reporting symptoms. Further studies into the compliance of coping behaviours are needed to assess their potential protective effect.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2458
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spelling doaj-art-705152c8310e4eb5a0232c2319eeedd92025-08-20T03:25:19ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-06-0125111210.1186/s12889-025-21597-8High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of BangladeshAlba McGirr0Srizan Chowdhury1Md Fozla Rabbi2Md Mehedi Hasan3Md Sharoardy Sagar4Nabilah Ibnat5Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi6Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineHealth System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B)Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B)Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B)Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B)Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B)Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B)Abstract Background Bangladesh is already prone to extreme weather events like heatwaves, leaving millions vulnerable. High ambient temperatures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality by infectious diseases, but the effect of these high temperatures indoors remains to be studied. Objective This study investigated the effect of high indoor temperatures on the feelings of illness and heat coping mechanisms in vulnerable populations without heat mitigation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 490 houses in rural villages in the coastal area of Chakaria, Bangladesh chosen through stratified cluster sampling. It assessed the feelings of illness and their adaptative behaviour to high temperatures. There were 49 temperature and humidity monitors placed indoors to obtain accurate measurements of these parameters in different areas and with different house materials. This information was used to determine the effect of high indoor temperatures on the symptoms that vulnerable populations reported. Results People living in hotter houses reported overall more symptoms, notably, diarrhoea, local site infections and sore throat. Temperatures were higher in houses made of bamboo compared to cement and having shade significantly decreased indoor temperature. Most women in the study reported performing adequate heat coping mechanisms. However, these did not show a protective effect against illness. Conclusion This paper showed that high indoor temperatures could be associated with an increase in symptoms. Housing characteristics (material and environment) decreased indoor temperature. Having shading and a house made from cement was protective to reporting symptoms. Further studies into the compliance of coping behaviours are needed to assess their potential protective effect.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21597-8Extreme temperaturesHeat indexClimate changeAcute symptomsMitigating measuresVulnerable populations
spellingShingle Alba McGirr
Srizan Chowdhury
Md Fozla Rabbi
Md Mehedi Hasan
Md Sharoardy Sagar
Nabilah Ibnat
Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi
High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh
BMC Public Health
Extreme temperatures
Heat index
Climate change
Acute symptoms
Mitigating measures
Vulnerable populations
title High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh
title_full High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh
title_fullStr High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh
title_short High indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms: finding mitigating solutions for the climate-vulnerable of Bangladesh
title_sort high indoor temperatures increase reporting of acute symptoms finding mitigating solutions for the climate vulnerable of bangladesh
topic Extreme temperatures
Heat index
Climate change
Acute symptoms
Mitigating measures
Vulnerable populations
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21597-8
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