Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics

Summary: The obligate symbiosis between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Buchnera aphidicola represents metabolic interdependence between the host insect and its bacterial symbiont. Buchnera has a highly reduced genome that has lost nearly all phospholipid synthesis genes except cls, encoding a...

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Main Authors: Kathrine Xin Yee Tan, Shuji Shigenobu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225014397
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author Kathrine Xin Yee Tan
Shuji Shigenobu
author_facet Kathrine Xin Yee Tan
Shuji Shigenobu
author_sort Kathrine Xin Yee Tan
collection DOAJ
description Summary: The obligate symbiosis between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Buchnera aphidicola represents metabolic interdependence between the host insect and its bacterial symbiont. Buchnera has a highly reduced genome that has lost nearly all phospholipid synthesis genes except cls, encoding a cardiolipin synthase homologue. We employed in vivo antisense, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated synthetic peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to knock down cls in Buchnera. This intervention resulted in significant downregulation of cls expression, lowered Buchnera titers, pronounced morphological distortions, and reduced aphid reproduction. Notably, Buchnera cells were often detected in the aphid gut following anti-cls PNAs treatment, deviating from their typical intracellular niche within bacteriocytes. Collectively, the cls gene is critical for maintaining Buchnera integrity, proper cellular localization, and symbiont-host interactions. Given that the retention of cls is a common feature among many obligate endosymbionts despite massive gene loss, our findings offer key insights into the evolutionary principles shaping symbiotic relationships involving membrane biology.
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spelling doaj-art-704b08ce832c4c8bb4352c5f786fdafd2025-08-20T02:58:08ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-08-0128811317810.1016/j.isci.2025.113178Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamicsKathrine Xin Yee Tan0Shuji Shigenobu1Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, JapanDepartment of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8477, Japan; Corresponding authorSummary: The obligate symbiosis between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Buchnera aphidicola represents metabolic interdependence between the host insect and its bacterial symbiont. Buchnera has a highly reduced genome that has lost nearly all phospholipid synthesis genes except cls, encoding a cardiolipin synthase homologue. We employed in vivo antisense, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated synthetic peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to knock down cls in Buchnera. This intervention resulted in significant downregulation of cls expression, lowered Buchnera titers, pronounced morphological distortions, and reduced aphid reproduction. Notably, Buchnera cells were often detected in the aphid gut following anti-cls PNAs treatment, deviating from their typical intracellular niche within bacteriocytes. Collectively, the cls gene is critical for maintaining Buchnera integrity, proper cellular localization, and symbiont-host interactions. Given that the retention of cls is a common feature among many obligate endosymbionts despite massive gene loss, our findings offer key insights into the evolutionary principles shaping symbiotic relationships involving membrane biology.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225014397Natural sciencesMicrobiologyBacteriologyEvolutionary biologyEvolutionary developmental biologyAgricultural science
spellingShingle Kathrine Xin Yee Tan
Shuji Shigenobu
Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
iScience
Natural sciences
Microbiology
Bacteriology
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary developmental biology
Agricultural science
title Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
title_full Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
title_fullStr Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
title_short Targeted disruption of the cls gene in Buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
title_sort targeted disruption of the cls gene in buchnera aphidicola impairs membrane integrity and host symbiont dynamics
topic Natural sciences
Microbiology
Bacteriology
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary developmental biology
Agricultural science
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225014397
work_keys_str_mv AT kathrinexinyeetan targeteddisruptionoftheclsgeneinbuchneraaphidicolaimpairsmembraneintegrityandhostsymbiontdynamics
AT shujishigenobu targeteddisruptionoftheclsgeneinbuchneraaphidicolaimpairsmembraneintegrityandhostsymbiontdynamics