Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA

Abstract Prokaryotic plankton play a crucial role in marine biogeochemical processes, but their activities can vary significantly among different taxonomic groups. To capture the active part of the communities, both 16S rDNA (genome-level) and 16S rRNA (transcript-level) data were generated in this...

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Main Authors: Yi-Ting Chang, Po-Yu Liu, Feng-Hsun Chang, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Chih-hao Hsieh, Hsiao-Pei Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14272-w
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author Yi-Ting Chang
Po-Yu Liu
Feng-Hsun Chang
Fuh-Kwo Shiah
Chih-hao Hsieh
Hsiao-Pei Lu
author_facet Yi-Ting Chang
Po-Yu Liu
Feng-Hsun Chang
Fuh-Kwo Shiah
Chih-hao Hsieh
Hsiao-Pei Lu
author_sort Yi-Ting Chang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Prokaryotic plankton play a crucial role in marine biogeochemical processes, but their activities can vary significantly among different taxonomic groups. To capture the active part of the communities, both 16S rDNA (genome-level) and 16S rRNA (transcript-level) data were generated in this study to investigate the diversity and activity of prokaryotic plankton in the southern East China Sea. A total of 120 high-throughput sequencing datasets were generated, representing 60 communities sampled seasonally from four water layers along a coastal to pelagic transect. The rRNA:rDNA ratio was used to assess cellular activity for each taxon. The analysis revealed distinct ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) for rDNA and rRNA, with only 12% to 52% overlap in local communities. The taxonomic compositions differed: rDNA was dominated by the archaeal class Nitrososphaeria and the bacterial class Acidimicrobiia, while rRNA was dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia. ASVs belonging to different classes showed different ranges of rRNA:rDNA ratios, with copiotrophic prokaryotic clades possibly having higher rRNA:rDNA ratios and oligotrophic prokaryotic clades having lower rRNA:rDNA ratios. For example, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Marinimicrobia, and Dehalococcoidia had ratios greater than 1, whereas Alphaproteobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Planctomycetes, and Nitrososphaeria had ratios less than 1. Despite these differences, rDNA and rRNA equally captured spatial and temporal variations in community structure. Significant community changes were detected across seasons, but the underlying environmental drivers were different for rDNA and rRNA. This study highlights the importance of combining rDNA and rRNA data for a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and activity of marine prokaryotic plankton.
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spelling doaj-art-7048c70f9da44e7aa9704f435a62656d2025-08-20T03:05:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-14272-wCharacterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNAYi-Ting Chang0Po-Yu Liu1Feng-Hsun Chang2Fuh-Kwo Shiah3Chih-hao Hsieh4Hsiao-Pei Lu5Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung UniversitySchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan UniversityResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia SinicaResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia SinicaDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung UniversityAbstract Prokaryotic plankton play a crucial role in marine biogeochemical processes, but their activities can vary significantly among different taxonomic groups. To capture the active part of the communities, both 16S rDNA (genome-level) and 16S rRNA (transcript-level) data were generated in this study to investigate the diversity and activity of prokaryotic plankton in the southern East China Sea. A total of 120 high-throughput sequencing datasets were generated, representing 60 communities sampled seasonally from four water layers along a coastal to pelagic transect. The rRNA:rDNA ratio was used to assess cellular activity for each taxon. The analysis revealed distinct ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) for rDNA and rRNA, with only 12% to 52% overlap in local communities. The taxonomic compositions differed: rDNA was dominated by the archaeal class Nitrososphaeria and the bacterial class Acidimicrobiia, while rRNA was dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia. ASVs belonging to different classes showed different ranges of rRNA:rDNA ratios, with copiotrophic prokaryotic clades possibly having higher rRNA:rDNA ratios and oligotrophic prokaryotic clades having lower rRNA:rDNA ratios. For example, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Marinimicrobia, and Dehalococcoidia had ratios greater than 1, whereas Alphaproteobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Planctomycetes, and Nitrososphaeria had ratios less than 1. Despite these differences, rDNA and rRNA equally captured spatial and temporal variations in community structure. Significant community changes were detected across seasons, but the underlying environmental drivers were different for rDNA and rRNA. This study highlights the importance of combining rDNA and rRNA data for a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and activity of marine prokaryotic plankton.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14272-wMarine ecologyProkaryotic planktonMetabarcoding sequencing16S-rDNA16S-rRNA
spellingShingle Yi-Ting Chang
Po-Yu Liu
Feng-Hsun Chang
Fuh-Kwo Shiah
Chih-hao Hsieh
Hsiao-Pei Lu
Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA
Scientific Reports
Marine ecology
Prokaryotic plankton
Metabarcoding sequencing
16S-rDNA
16S-rRNA
title Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA
title_full Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA
title_fullStr Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA
title_short Characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the Southern East China Sea using combined 16S-rDNA and 16S-rRNA
title_sort characterization of prokaryotic plankton community structure in the southern east china sea using combined 16s rdna and 16s rrna
topic Marine ecology
Prokaryotic plankton
Metabarcoding sequencing
16S-rDNA
16S-rRNA
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14272-w
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