Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method
The co-precipitation method was successfully used to synthesize Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.6−x</sub>Gd<sub>0.4</sub>Eu<sub>x</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) phosphors with heavy Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping,...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Dong Zhu Chunfeng Wang Xiaohuai Wang Shun Han Yuxiang Zeng Ming Fang Wenjun Liu Deliang Zhu Peijiang Cao Youming Lu |
| author_facet | Dong Zhu Chunfeng Wang Xiaohuai Wang Shun Han Yuxiang Zeng Ming Fang Wenjun Liu Deliang Zhu Peijiang Cao Youming Lu |
| author_sort | Dong Zhu |
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| description | The co-precipitation method was successfully used to synthesize Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.6−x</sub>Gd<sub>0.4</sub>Eu<sub>x</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) phosphors with heavy Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping, resulting in significantly enhanced thermal stability and luminescence performance. Structural analyses confirm that Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions substitute Y<sup>3+</sup> in the lattice, causing lattice expansion and improving crystal asymmetry, which enhances Eu<sup>3+</sup> emission. The incorporation of Gd<sup>3+</sup> creates efficient energy transfer pathways to Eu<sup>3+</sup> while suppressing non-radiative relaxation, leading to stable fluorescence lifetimes even at elevated temperatures. With a thermal activation energy of ~0.3051 eV, the Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.55</sub>Gd<sub>0.4</sub>Eu<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phosphor exhibits superior resistance to thermal quenching compared to Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.95</sub>Eu<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> and many conventional red phosphors. Furthermore, the reduced color temperature and stable emission spectra across a wide temperature range highlight its potential for advanced lighting and display technologies in high-temperature environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70405bf7b1904a1b9a8b7f883bb26e55 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-70405bf7b1904a1b9a8b7f883bb26e552025-08-20T02:06:12ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-01305108510.3390/molecules30051085Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation MethodDong Zhu0Chunfeng Wang1Xiaohuai Wang2Shun Han3Yuxiang Zeng4Ming Fang5Wenjun Liu6Deliang Zhu7Peijiang Cao8Youming Lu9College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaDepartment of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaThe co-precipitation method was successfully used to synthesize Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.6−x</sub>Gd<sub>0.4</sub>Eu<sub>x</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) phosphors with heavy Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping, resulting in significantly enhanced thermal stability and luminescence performance. Structural analyses confirm that Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions substitute Y<sup>3+</sup> in the lattice, causing lattice expansion and improving crystal asymmetry, which enhances Eu<sup>3+</sup> emission. The incorporation of Gd<sup>3+</sup> creates efficient energy transfer pathways to Eu<sup>3+</sup> while suppressing non-radiative relaxation, leading to stable fluorescence lifetimes even at elevated temperatures. With a thermal activation energy of ~0.3051 eV, the Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.55</sub>Gd<sub>0.4</sub>Eu<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phosphor exhibits superior resistance to thermal quenching compared to Ba<sub>3</sub>(Y<sub>0.95</sub>Eu<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> and many conventional red phosphors. Furthermore, the reduced color temperature and stable emission spectra across a wide temperature range highlight its potential for advanced lighting and display technologies in high-temperature environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1085Gd<sup>3+</sup> dopingthermal stabilityluminescence enhancementenergy transfer |
| spellingShingle | Dong Zhu Chunfeng Wang Xiaohuai Wang Shun Han Yuxiang Zeng Ming Fang Wenjun Liu Deliang Zhu Peijiang Cao Youming Lu Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method Molecules Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping thermal stability luminescence enhancement energy transfer |
| title | Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method |
| title_full | Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method |
| title_short | Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd<sup>3+</sup>/Eu<sup>3+</sup> Co-Doped Ba<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method |
| title_sort | enhanced luminescence and thermal stability in high gd sup 3 sup eu sup 3 sup co doped ba sub 3 sub y sub 4 sub o sub 9 sub phosphors via co precipitation method |
| topic | Gd<sup>3+</sup> doping thermal stability luminescence enhancement energy transfer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1085 |
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