Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making

Background Mechanical ventilation is essential in intensive care units (ICUs) but poses risks such as ventilator-associated complications and high costs. The accuracy of predicting mechanical ventilation duration using clinical information is limited. Predicting ventilation duration accurately can a...

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Main Authors: Shivi Mendiratta, Vinay Gandhi Mukkelli, Esha Baidya Kayal, Puneet Khanna, Amit Mehndiratta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251352988
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author Shivi Mendiratta
Vinay Gandhi Mukkelli
Esha Baidya Kayal
Puneet Khanna
Amit Mehndiratta
author_facet Shivi Mendiratta
Vinay Gandhi Mukkelli
Esha Baidya Kayal
Puneet Khanna
Amit Mehndiratta
author_sort Shivi Mendiratta
collection DOAJ
description Background Mechanical ventilation is essential in intensive care units (ICUs) but poses risks such as ventilator-associated complications and high costs. The accuracy of predicting mechanical ventilation duration using clinical information is limited. Predicting ventilation duration accurately can aid clinical decisions like resource-allocation and early tracheostomy-planning. Objective To develop explainable artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting mechanical ventilation duration leveraging diverse clinical parameters from ICU patient data. Methodology This development and testing study analysed 323 mechanically ventilated patients {(n = 323, Male:Female = 160:163, Age = 42.87 ± 19.54 years (mean ± standard deviation)} from three ICUs at AIIMS, Delhi. The dataset included 100-clinical parameters per patient. Two models were developed: (1) A regression model (n = 323) to predict ventilation duration in days, and (2) A classification model (n = 218, non-tracheostomized) to predict short- (≤3 days) vs. long-term (>3 days) ventilation requirements. The misclassification-cost was altered for the classification model. Feature selection was performed using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) on a random forest model, and training was done with 5-fold cross-validation (80% training, 20% testing). Results The least-squares boosting regression model achieved root mean squared error (RMSE) of 4.66 days and coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.65 using 34-SHAP-selected features, with tracheostomy (53.66% importance) being the top predictor. The best classification model, K-nearest neighbours, achieved 79.1% accuracy, Area under the receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUROC) of 0.82, sensitivity of 71.4%, and specificity of 86.4% using 47-SHAP-selected features. Key predictors included ICU admission type (8.1%), PO 2 (5.6%), and pH (5%). Conclusion AI-driven prediction of ventilation duration can enhance ICU workflows, optimize resource use, and improve personalized care. SHAP-based feature selection promotes AI interpretability, aiding clinical adoption.
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spelling doaj-art-702c2cb98bdd4c7f94633fcd5a26d7ed2025-08-20T02:22:15ZengSAGE PublishingDigital Health2055-20762025-06-011110.1177/20552076251352988Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-makingShivi Mendiratta0Vinay Gandhi Mukkelli1Esha Baidya Kayal2Puneet Khanna3Amit Mehndiratta4 Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IITD), New Delhi, India Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, , New Delhi, India Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IITD), New Delhi, India Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, , New Delhi, India Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, AustraliaBackground Mechanical ventilation is essential in intensive care units (ICUs) but poses risks such as ventilator-associated complications and high costs. The accuracy of predicting mechanical ventilation duration using clinical information is limited. Predicting ventilation duration accurately can aid clinical decisions like resource-allocation and early tracheostomy-planning. Objective To develop explainable artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting mechanical ventilation duration leveraging diverse clinical parameters from ICU patient data. Methodology This development and testing study analysed 323 mechanically ventilated patients {(n = 323, Male:Female = 160:163, Age = 42.87 ± 19.54 years (mean ± standard deviation)} from three ICUs at AIIMS, Delhi. The dataset included 100-clinical parameters per patient. Two models were developed: (1) A regression model (n = 323) to predict ventilation duration in days, and (2) A classification model (n = 218, non-tracheostomized) to predict short- (≤3 days) vs. long-term (>3 days) ventilation requirements. The misclassification-cost was altered for the classification model. Feature selection was performed using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) on a random forest model, and training was done with 5-fold cross-validation (80% training, 20% testing). Results The least-squares boosting regression model achieved root mean squared error (RMSE) of 4.66 days and coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.65 using 34-SHAP-selected features, with tracheostomy (53.66% importance) being the top predictor. The best classification model, K-nearest neighbours, achieved 79.1% accuracy, Area under the receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUROC) of 0.82, sensitivity of 71.4%, and specificity of 86.4% using 47-SHAP-selected features. Key predictors included ICU admission type (8.1%), PO 2 (5.6%), and pH (5%). Conclusion AI-driven prediction of ventilation duration can enhance ICU workflows, optimize resource use, and improve personalized care. SHAP-based feature selection promotes AI interpretability, aiding clinical adoption.https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251352988
spellingShingle Shivi Mendiratta
Vinay Gandhi Mukkelli
Esha Baidya Kayal
Puneet Khanna
Amit Mehndiratta
Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making
Digital Health
title Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making
title_full Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making
title_fullStr Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making
title_full_unstemmed Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making
title_short Predicting mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients: A data-driven machine learning approach for clinical decision-making
title_sort predicting mechanical ventilation duration in icu patients a data driven machine learning approach for clinical decision making
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251352988
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