Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines have been standardized and widely used to calculate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from paddy fields. The emission factor (EF) is a key parameter in these guidelines, and it is different for each location globally and region...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Khalifah Insan Nur Rahmi Parwati Sofan Hilda Ayu Pratikasiwi Terry Ayu Adriany Dandy Aditya Novresiandi Rendi Handika Rahmat Arief Helena Lina Susilawati Wage Ratna Rohaeni Destika Cahyana Vidya Nahdhiyatul Fikriyah Iman Muhardiono Asmarhansyah Shinichi Sobue Kei Oyoshi Goh Segami Pegah Hashemvand Khiabani |
| author_facet | Khalifah Insan Nur Rahmi Parwati Sofan Hilda Ayu Pratikasiwi Terry Ayu Adriany Dandy Aditya Novresiandi Rendi Handika Rahmat Arief Helena Lina Susilawati Wage Ratna Rohaeni Destika Cahyana Vidya Nahdhiyatul Fikriyah Iman Muhardiono Asmarhansyah Shinichi Sobue Kei Oyoshi Goh Segami Pegah Hashemvand Khiabani |
| author_sort | Khalifah Insan Nur Rahmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines have been standardized and widely used to calculate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from paddy fields. The emission factor (EF) is a key parameter in these guidelines, and it is different for each location globally and regionally. However, limited studies have been conducted to measure locally specific EFs (EFlocal) through on-site assessments and modeling their spatial distribution effectively. This study aims to investigate the potential of multisensor satellite data to develop a spatial model of CH<sub>4</sub> emission estimation on rice paddy fields under different water management practices, i.e., continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The model employed the national EF (EFnational) and EFlocal using the IPCC guidelines. In this study, we employed the multisensor satellite data to derive the key parameters for estimating CH<sub>4</sub> emission, i.e., rice cultivation area, rice age, and EF. Optical high-resolution images were used to delineate the rice cultivation area, Sentinel-1 SAR imagery was used for identifying transplanting and harvesting dates for rice age estimation, and ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 was used to map the water regime for determining the scaling factor of the EF. The closed-chamber method has been used to measure the daily CH<sub>4</sub> flux rate on the local sites. The results revealed spatial variability in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, ranging from 1–5 kg/crop/season to 20–30 kg/crop/season, depending on the water regime. Fields under CF exhibited higher CH<sub>4</sub> emissions than those under AWD, underscoring the critical role of water management in mitigating CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining remote sensing data with the IPCC model to spatially estimate CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, providing a robust framework for sustainable rice cultivation and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7025c8ece3894d84a0e40107f42429ef |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-7025c8ece3894d84a0e40107f42429ef2025-08-20T02:36:30ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011713215410.3390/rs17132154Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West JavaKhalifah Insan Nur Rahmi0Parwati Sofan1Hilda Ayu Pratikasiwi2Terry Ayu Adriany3Dandy Aditya Novresiandi4Rendi Handika5Rahmat Arief6Helena Lina Susilawati7Wage Ratna Rohaeni8Destika Cahyana9Vidya Nahdhiyatul Fikriyah10Iman Muhardiono11Asmarhansyah12Shinichi Sobue13Kei Oyoshi14Goh Segami15Pegah Hashemvand Khiabani16Research Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16910, IndonesiaResearch Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Geoinformatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten 15314, IndonesiaCenter for Rice Engineering and Modernization, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Engineering and Modernization, Ministry of Agriculture, Subang 41256, IndonesiaResearch Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16910, IndonesiaFaculty of Geography, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo 57169, IndonesiaAgro-Climate and Hydrology Standardization Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaAgro-Climate and Hydrology Standardization Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor 16111, IndonesiaJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba 305-8505, JapanJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba 305-8505, JapanJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba 305-8505, JapanRemote Sensing Technology Center of Japan (RESTEC), Tokyo 105-0001, JapanIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines have been standardized and widely used to calculate methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from paddy fields. The emission factor (EF) is a key parameter in these guidelines, and it is different for each location globally and regionally. However, limited studies have been conducted to measure locally specific EFs (EFlocal) through on-site assessments and modeling their spatial distribution effectively. This study aims to investigate the potential of multisensor satellite data to develop a spatial model of CH<sub>4</sub> emission estimation on rice paddy fields under different water management practices, i.e., continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. The model employed the national EF (EFnational) and EFlocal using the IPCC guidelines. In this study, we employed the multisensor satellite data to derive the key parameters for estimating CH<sub>4</sub> emission, i.e., rice cultivation area, rice age, and EF. Optical high-resolution images were used to delineate the rice cultivation area, Sentinel-1 SAR imagery was used for identifying transplanting and harvesting dates for rice age estimation, and ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 was used to map the water regime for determining the scaling factor of the EF. The closed-chamber method has been used to measure the daily CH<sub>4</sub> flux rate on the local sites. The results revealed spatial variability in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, ranging from 1–5 kg/crop/season to 20–30 kg/crop/season, depending on the water regime. Fields under CF exhibited higher CH<sub>4</sub> emissions than those under AWD, underscoring the critical role of water management in mitigating CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining remote sensing data with the IPCC model to spatially estimate CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, providing a robust framework for sustainable rice cultivation and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2154Sentinel-1ALOS-2/PALSAR-2CH<sub>4</sub> methane emissionrice paddycontinuous floodingAWD |
| spellingShingle | Khalifah Insan Nur Rahmi Parwati Sofan Hilda Ayu Pratikasiwi Terry Ayu Adriany Dandy Aditya Novresiandi Rendi Handika Rahmat Arief Helena Lina Susilawati Wage Ratna Rohaeni Destika Cahyana Vidya Nahdhiyatul Fikriyah Iman Muhardiono Asmarhansyah Shinichi Sobue Kei Oyoshi Goh Segami Pegah Hashemvand Khiabani Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java Remote Sensing Sentinel-1 ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 CH<sub>4</sub> methane emission rice paddy continuous flooding AWD |
| title | Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java |
| title_full | Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java |
| title_short | Utilization of Multisensor Satellite Data for Developing Spatial Distribution of Methane Emission on Rice Paddy Field in Subang, West Java |
| title_sort | utilization of multisensor satellite data for developing spatial distribution of methane emission on rice paddy field in subang west java |
| topic | Sentinel-1 ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 CH<sub>4</sub> methane emission rice paddy continuous flooding AWD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2154 |
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