Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis

Introduction: Patients from diverse sociocultural backgrounds and with differing medical conditions may have varying levels of acceptance of advanced care planning and palliative care. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample for patients discharged from Januar...

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Main Authors: Jean-Sebastien Rachoin, Nicole Debski, Krystal Hunter, Elizabeth Cerceo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mary Ann Liebert 2024-10-01
Series:Palliative Medicine Reports
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Online Access:https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/pmr.2024.0030
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author Jean-Sebastien Rachoin
Nicole Debski
Krystal Hunter
Elizabeth Cerceo
author_facet Jean-Sebastien Rachoin
Nicole Debski
Krystal Hunter
Elizabeth Cerceo
author_sort Jean-Sebastien Rachoin
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Patients from diverse sociocultural backgrounds and with differing medical conditions may have varying levels of acceptance of advanced care planning and palliative care. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample for patients discharged from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, with conditions associated with frequently terminal conditions. We recorded demographic variables, do not resuscitate (DNR) status, and palliative care (PC) status and analyzed the associations between outcomes, mortality, and length of stay (LOS). Results: A total of 23,402,637 patient records were included in the study, of which 2% were DNR and PC, 5% were DNR only, and 1% was PC only. From 2016 to 2019, the percentage of patients with PC increased from 2.55% to 3.27% and DNR from 6.31% to 7.7%. Black patients were less likely to have DNR status (odds ratio [OR] 0.72 [0.71–0.72]) but had similar PC rates. Male patients were less likely to have a DNR order in place (OR 0.89 [0.89–0.89]) but more likely to be in PC (OR 1.05 [1.04–1.05]). The diagnoses with the highest association with DNR status were lung cancer (OR 4.1 [4.0–4.5]), pancreatic cancer (OR 4.6 [4.5–4.7]), and sepsis (OR 2.9 [2.9–2.9]) The diagnoses most associated with PC were lung cancer (OR 6.3 [6.2–6.4]), pancreatic cancer (OR 8.1 [7.1–8.3]), colon cancer (OR 4.9 [4.8–5.1]), and senile brain degeneration of the brain OR 6.5 [5.3–7.9]). Mortality and LOS decreased between 2016 and 2019, but hospital charges increased (p < 0.001). Black race and male gender were associated with higher inpatient mortality (OR 1.12 [1.12–1.14]), LOS, and hospital charges. Conclusion: In the United States, the proportion of hospitalized patients with DNR, PC, and DNR with PC increased from 2016 to 2019. Overall, inpatient mortality and LOS fell, but hospital charges per patient increased. Significant gender and ethnic differences emerged. Black patients and males were less likely to have DNR status and had higher inpatient mortality, LOS, and hospital charges.
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spelling doaj-art-701ff65573fc49a6826411ca67e1ebed2025-08-20T02:59:07ZengMary Ann LiebertPalliative Medicine Reports2689-28202024-10-015133133910.1089/pmr.2024.0030Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample AnalysisJean-Sebastien Rachoin0Nicole Debski1Krystal Hunter2Elizabeth Cerceo3Cooper University Healthcare, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.Cooper University Healthcare, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.Cooper University Healthcare, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.Introduction: Patients from diverse sociocultural backgrounds and with differing medical conditions may have varying levels of acceptance of advanced care planning and palliative care. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample for patients discharged from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, with conditions associated with frequently terminal conditions. We recorded demographic variables, do not resuscitate (DNR) status, and palliative care (PC) status and analyzed the associations between outcomes, mortality, and length of stay (LOS). Results: A total of 23,402,637 patient records were included in the study, of which 2% were DNR and PC, 5% were DNR only, and 1% was PC only. From 2016 to 2019, the percentage of patients with PC increased from 2.55% to 3.27% and DNR from 6.31% to 7.7%. Black patients were less likely to have DNR status (odds ratio [OR] 0.72 [0.71–0.72]) but had similar PC rates. Male patients were less likely to have a DNR order in place (OR 0.89 [0.89–0.89]) but more likely to be in PC (OR 1.05 [1.04–1.05]). The diagnoses with the highest association with DNR status were lung cancer (OR 4.1 [4.0–4.5]), pancreatic cancer (OR 4.6 [4.5–4.7]), and sepsis (OR 2.9 [2.9–2.9]) The diagnoses most associated with PC were lung cancer (OR 6.3 [6.2–6.4]), pancreatic cancer (OR 8.1 [7.1–8.3]), colon cancer (OR 4.9 [4.8–5.1]), and senile brain degeneration of the brain OR 6.5 [5.3–7.9]). Mortality and LOS decreased between 2016 and 2019, but hospital charges increased (p < 0.001). Black race and male gender were associated with higher inpatient mortality (OR 1.12 [1.12–1.14]), LOS, and hospital charges. Conclusion: In the United States, the proportion of hospitalized patients with DNR, PC, and DNR with PC increased from 2016 to 2019. Overall, inpatient mortality and LOS fell, but hospital charges per patient increased. Significant gender and ethnic differences emerged. Black patients and males were less likely to have DNR status and had higher inpatient mortality, LOS, and hospital charges.https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/pmr.2024.0030DNRethnic disparitiesgender disparitieshealth equitypalliative care
spellingShingle Jean-Sebastien Rachoin
Nicole Debski
Krystal Hunter
Elizabeth Cerceo
Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
Palliative Medicine Reports
DNR
ethnic disparities
gender disparities
health equity
palliative care
title Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
title_full Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
title_fullStr Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
title_short Factors Associated with Do Not Resuscitate Status and Palliative Care in Hospitalized Patients: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
title_sort factors associated with do not resuscitate status and palliative care in hospitalized patients a national inpatient sample analysis
topic DNR
ethnic disparities
gender disparities
health equity
palliative care
url https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/pmr.2024.0030
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AT krystalhunter factorsassociatedwithdonotresuscitatestatusandpalliativecareinhospitalizedpatientsanationalinpatientsampleanalysis
AT elizabethcerceo factorsassociatedwithdonotresuscitatestatusandpalliativecareinhospitalizedpatientsanationalinpatientsampleanalysis