Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016.
<h4>Background</h4>Estimation of malaria prevalence in very low transmission settings is difficult by even the most advanced diagnostic tests. Antibodies against malaria antigens provide an indicator of active or past exposure to these parasites. The prominent malaria species within Hait...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010049&type=printable |
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| author | Adan Oviedo Camelia Herman Alaine Knipes Caitlin M Worrell LeAnne M Fox Luccene Desir Carl Fayette Alain Javel Franck Monestime Kimberly E Mace Michelle A Chang Jean F Lemoine Kimberly Won Venkatachalam Udhayakumar Eric Rogier |
| author_facet | Adan Oviedo Camelia Herman Alaine Knipes Caitlin M Worrell LeAnne M Fox Luccene Desir Carl Fayette Alain Javel Franck Monestime Kimberly E Mace Michelle A Chang Jean F Lemoine Kimberly Won Venkatachalam Udhayakumar Eric Rogier |
| author_sort | Adan Oviedo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Estimation of malaria prevalence in very low transmission settings is difficult by even the most advanced diagnostic tests. Antibodies against malaria antigens provide an indicator of active or past exposure to these parasites. The prominent malaria species within Haiti is Plasmodium falciparum, but P. vivax and P. malariae infections are also known to be endemic.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>From 2014-2016, 28,681 Haitian children were enrolled in school-based serosurveys and were asked to provide a blood sample for detection of antibodies against multiple infectious diseases. IgG against the P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae merozoite surface protein 19kD subunit (MSP119) antigens was detected by a multiplex bead assay (MBA). A subset of samples was also tested for Plasmodium DNA by PCR assays, and for Plasmodium antigens by a multiplex antigen detection assay. Geospatial clustering of high seroprevalence areas for P. vivax and P. malariae antigens was assessed by both Ripley's K-function and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic. Of 21,719 children enrolled in 680 schools in Haiti who provided samples to assay for IgG against PmMSP119, 278 (1.27%) were seropositive. Of 24,559 children enrolled in 788 schools providing samples for PvMSP119 serology, 113 (0.46%) were seropositive. Two significant clusters of seropositivity were identified throughout the country for P. malariae exposure, and two identified for P. vivax. No samples were found to be positive for Plasmodium DNA or antigens.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>From school-based surveys conducted from 2014 to 2016, very few Haitian children had evidence of exposure to P. vivax or P. malariae, with no children testing positive for active infection. Spatial scan statistics identified non-overlapping areas of the country with higher seroprevalence for these two malarias. Serological data provides useful information of exposure to very low endemic malaria species in a population that is unlikely to present to clinics with symptomatic infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-701a6a2c5f944b4da4161d3a30b0f3c6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-701a6a2c5f944b4da4161d3a30b0f3c62025-08-20T03:15:48ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352022-01-01161e001004910.1371/journal.pntd.0010049Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016.Adan OviedoCamelia HermanAlaine KnipesCaitlin M WorrellLeAnne M FoxLuccene DesirCarl FayetteAlain JavelFranck MonestimeKimberly E MaceMichelle A ChangJean F LemoineKimberly WonVenkatachalam UdhayakumarEric Rogier<h4>Background</h4>Estimation of malaria prevalence in very low transmission settings is difficult by even the most advanced diagnostic tests. Antibodies against malaria antigens provide an indicator of active or past exposure to these parasites. The prominent malaria species within Haiti is Plasmodium falciparum, but P. vivax and P. malariae infections are also known to be endemic.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>From 2014-2016, 28,681 Haitian children were enrolled in school-based serosurveys and were asked to provide a blood sample for detection of antibodies against multiple infectious diseases. IgG against the P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae merozoite surface protein 19kD subunit (MSP119) antigens was detected by a multiplex bead assay (MBA). A subset of samples was also tested for Plasmodium DNA by PCR assays, and for Plasmodium antigens by a multiplex antigen detection assay. Geospatial clustering of high seroprevalence areas for P. vivax and P. malariae antigens was assessed by both Ripley's K-function and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic. Of 21,719 children enrolled in 680 schools in Haiti who provided samples to assay for IgG against PmMSP119, 278 (1.27%) were seropositive. Of 24,559 children enrolled in 788 schools providing samples for PvMSP119 serology, 113 (0.46%) were seropositive. Two significant clusters of seropositivity were identified throughout the country for P. malariae exposure, and two identified for P. vivax. No samples were found to be positive for Plasmodium DNA or antigens.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>From school-based surveys conducted from 2014 to 2016, very few Haitian children had evidence of exposure to P. vivax or P. malariae, with no children testing positive for active infection. Spatial scan statistics identified non-overlapping areas of the country with higher seroprevalence for these two malarias. Serological data provides useful information of exposure to very low endemic malaria species in a population that is unlikely to present to clinics with symptomatic infections.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010049&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Adan Oviedo Camelia Herman Alaine Knipes Caitlin M Worrell LeAnne M Fox Luccene Desir Carl Fayette Alain Javel Franck Monestime Kimberly E Mace Michelle A Chang Jean F Lemoine Kimberly Won Venkatachalam Udhayakumar Eric Rogier Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016. |
| title_full | Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016. |
| title_fullStr | Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016. |
| title_short | Spatial cluster analysis of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae exposure using serological data among Haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016. |
| title_sort | spatial cluster analysis of plasmodium vivax and p malariae exposure using serological data among haitian school children sampled between 2014 and 2016 |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010049&type=printable |
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