Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.

The traditional concept of "tonic food" and demand for traditional Chinese medicine make pangolins the largest population of illegally smuggled mammals in the world. Illegal hunting and trade are not only responsible for the sharp decline in pangolin populations but also provide conditions...

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Main Authors: Bing Li, Jun-Qiong Zhai, Ya-Jiang Wu, Fen Shan, Jie-Jian Zou, Fang-Hui Hou, Teng-Cheng Que, Wu Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-11-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012667
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author Bing Li
Jun-Qiong Zhai
Ya-Jiang Wu
Fen Shan
Jie-Jian Zou
Fang-Hui Hou
Teng-Cheng Que
Wu Chen
author_facet Bing Li
Jun-Qiong Zhai
Ya-Jiang Wu
Fen Shan
Jie-Jian Zou
Fang-Hui Hou
Teng-Cheng Que
Wu Chen
author_sort Bing Li
collection DOAJ
description The traditional concept of "tonic food" and demand for traditional Chinese medicine make pangolins the largest population of illegally smuggled mammals in the world. Illegal hunting and trade are not only responsible for the sharp decline in pangolin populations but also provide conditions for pathogenic transmission. In 2021, we rescued 21 confiscated unhealthy Malayan pangolins, none of which survived. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for their unexpected deaths and the potential pathogens that may be transmitted during smuggling. Physical examination found that more than 80% pangolins were parasitized with A. javanense ticks. Autopsy and pathological staining analysis revealed multiple organ damage in the deceased pangolins. Pathogens nucleic acid detection of 33 tick samples showed that the positive rate of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. Babesia spp., and Colpodella spp. were 90.91%, 6.06%, 6.06%, 15.15% and 18.18%, respectively. Furthermore, pangolin samples were positive for Rickettsia spp. (42.86%, 9/21), Ehrlichia sp. (4.76%, 1/21), and Babesia sp. (4.76%, 1/21). This study confirmed that spotted fever triggered by Rickettsia spp. from A. javanense might accelerate the most death of confiscated pangolins, while Ehrlichia sp., and Babesia sp. infection potentially accelerating a few deaths. Of note, A. javanense ticks carrying Colpodella spp. were detected for the first time in Malayan pangolins. However, whether Colpodella spp. are pathogenic to pangolins is unknown. Further research on the diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, and elimination of ticks and tick-borne diseases in humans, livestock, and wildlife should provide insight into wildlife conservation and zoonotic disease prevention.
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spelling doaj-art-700dccac651248d08b9c61b876ab7eec2025-08-20T02:38:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352024-11-011811e001266710.1371/journal.pntd.0012667Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.Bing LiJun-Qiong ZhaiYa-Jiang WuFen ShanJie-Jian ZouFang-Hui HouTeng-Cheng QueWu ChenThe traditional concept of "tonic food" and demand for traditional Chinese medicine make pangolins the largest population of illegally smuggled mammals in the world. Illegal hunting and trade are not only responsible for the sharp decline in pangolin populations but also provide conditions for pathogenic transmission. In 2021, we rescued 21 confiscated unhealthy Malayan pangolins, none of which survived. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for their unexpected deaths and the potential pathogens that may be transmitted during smuggling. Physical examination found that more than 80% pangolins were parasitized with A. javanense ticks. Autopsy and pathological staining analysis revealed multiple organ damage in the deceased pangolins. Pathogens nucleic acid detection of 33 tick samples showed that the positive rate of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. Babesia spp., and Colpodella spp. were 90.91%, 6.06%, 6.06%, 15.15% and 18.18%, respectively. Furthermore, pangolin samples were positive for Rickettsia spp. (42.86%, 9/21), Ehrlichia sp. (4.76%, 1/21), and Babesia sp. (4.76%, 1/21). This study confirmed that spotted fever triggered by Rickettsia spp. from A. javanense might accelerate the most death of confiscated pangolins, while Ehrlichia sp., and Babesia sp. infection potentially accelerating a few deaths. Of note, A. javanense ticks carrying Colpodella spp. were detected for the first time in Malayan pangolins. However, whether Colpodella spp. are pathogenic to pangolins is unknown. Further research on the diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, and elimination of ticks and tick-borne diseases in humans, livestock, and wildlife should provide insight into wildlife conservation and zoonotic disease prevention.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012667
spellingShingle Bing Li
Jun-Qiong Zhai
Ya-Jiang Wu
Fen Shan
Jie-Jian Zou
Fang-Hui Hou
Teng-Cheng Que
Wu Chen
Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
title Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.
title_full Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.
title_fullStr Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.
title_full_unstemmed Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.
title_short Molecular identification of tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Colpodella in confiscated Malayan pangolins.
title_sort molecular identification of tick borne rickettsia anaplasma ehrlichia babesia and colpodella in confiscated malayan pangolins
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012667
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