Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate
The alfalfa weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Both adults and larvae feed on alfalfa foliage, damage and reduce hay yield and quality, especially in spring. Larval feeding rate was estimated based on alfalfa...
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Entomological Society of Iran
2025-01-01
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| Series: | نامه انجمن حشرهشناسی ایران |
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| Online Access: | https://jesi.areeo.ac.ir/article_132641_bd9c2236f8dc056a770e5b0e47838777.pdf |
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| author | Mahsa Ghahramani Seyed Ali Safavi Shahzad Iranipour |
| author_facet | Mahsa Ghahramani Seyed Ali Safavi Shahzad Iranipour |
| author_sort | Mahsa Ghahramani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The alfalfa weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Both adults and larvae feed on alfalfa foliage, damage and reduce hay yield and quality, especially in spring. Larval feeding rate was estimated based on alfalfa leaflet consumption under laboratory conditions (18 ± 2 °C, 60–70% RH). Adults did not consume after emergence, apparently due to diapause. The first instar larvae of AW (n=150) were removed immediately after hatching in the laboratory and were confined with alfalfa leaves. The leaf weights (g) were measured prior to and each 24h after larval feeding. The larvae fed for 33-35 days in the laboratory and underwent four instars. The results revealed that average larval consumption is 8.178±0.153 g leaf tissue during the whole larval stages. Our estimates show that insecticide treatment will cost 6,700,000-14,700,000 IRR/ha depending on market values. One kg alfalfa feed appreciates 40000 IRR. Hence, 167.5-367.5 kg of feed corresponds to control costs. If all larvae survive to pupate (whole lifetime consumption), 2.0-4.5 larvae m-2 are tolerable and need no action. However, if a total mortality of 25, 50, or 75% occurs with a constant rate, tolerable densities will increase to (2.5-5.4), (3.2-7.0), and (4.8-10.6) m-2, respectively. Assuming that an insecticide kills 90- 99% of the pest, 7.9-17.4 to 21.1-46.3 larvae m-2 will cause no loss if farmers intervene on time. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70043531deb949b692ef81f718c6eb09 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0259-9996 2783-3968 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Entomological Society of Iran |
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| series | نامه انجمن حشرهشناسی ایران |
| spelling | doaj-art-70043531deb949b692ef81f718c6eb092025-02-02T21:42:00ZengEntomological Society of Iranنامه انجمن حشرهشناسی ایران0259-99962783-39682025-01-01451879610.61186/jesi.45.1.7132641Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rateMahsa Ghahramani0Seyed Ali Safavi1Shahzad Iranipour2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranThe alfalfa weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Both adults and larvae feed on alfalfa foliage, damage and reduce hay yield and quality, especially in spring. Larval feeding rate was estimated based on alfalfa leaflet consumption under laboratory conditions (18 ± 2 °C, 60–70% RH). Adults did not consume after emergence, apparently due to diapause. The first instar larvae of AW (n=150) were removed immediately after hatching in the laboratory and were confined with alfalfa leaves. The leaf weights (g) were measured prior to and each 24h after larval feeding. The larvae fed for 33-35 days in the laboratory and underwent four instars. The results revealed that average larval consumption is 8.178±0.153 g leaf tissue during the whole larval stages. Our estimates show that insecticide treatment will cost 6,700,000-14,700,000 IRR/ha depending on market values. One kg alfalfa feed appreciates 40000 IRR. Hence, 167.5-367.5 kg of feed corresponds to control costs. If all larvae survive to pupate (whole lifetime consumption), 2.0-4.5 larvae m-2 are tolerable and need no action. However, if a total mortality of 25, 50, or 75% occurs with a constant rate, tolerable densities will increase to (2.5-5.4), (3.2-7.0), and (4.8-10.6) m-2, respectively. Assuming that an insecticide kills 90- 99% of the pest, 7.9-17.4 to 21.1-46.3 larvae m-2 will cause no loss if farmers intervene on time.https://jesi.areeo.ac.ir/article_132641_bd9c2236f8dc056a770e5b0e47838777.pdfpest managementinterventionleaf consumptiontolerable densitiesyield value |
| spellingShingle | Mahsa Ghahramani Seyed Ali Safavi Shahzad Iranipour Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate نامه انجمن حشرهشناسی ایران pest management intervention leaf consumption tolerable densities yield value |
| title | Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate |
| title_full | Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate |
| title_short | Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate |
| title_sort | estimation of alfalfa weevil hypera postica coleoptera curculionidae economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate |
| topic | pest management intervention leaf consumption tolerable densities yield value |
| url | https://jesi.areeo.ac.ir/article_132641_bd9c2236f8dc056a770e5b0e47838777.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahsaghahramani estimationofalfalfaweevilhyperaposticacoleopteracurculionidaeeconomicdamagebasedonthelarvallaboratoryfeedingrate AT seyedalisafavi estimationofalfalfaweevilhyperaposticacoleopteracurculionidaeeconomicdamagebasedonthelarvallaboratoryfeedingrate AT shahzadiranipour estimationofalfalfaweevilhyperaposticacoleopteracurculionidaeeconomicdamagebasedonthelarvallaboratoryfeedingrate |