Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
To date, serum biochemical analytes reference intervals (RIs) in Lusitano horses have not been studied. This study aimed to establish the RIs for biochemical analytes following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to compare them with the general equine population’s R...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Maria João Pires Mário Cotovio Felisbina Queiroga Carlos André Pires Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira |
| author_facet | Maria João Pires Mário Cotovio Felisbina Queiroga Carlos André Pires Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira |
| author_sort | Maria João Pires |
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| description | To date, serum biochemical analytes reference intervals (RIs) in Lusitano horses have not been studied. This study aimed to establish the RIs for biochemical analytes following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to compare them with the general equine population’s RIs. Blood samples were collected from 76 clinically healthy adult Lusitano horses, and RIs of 22 biochemical variables were determined using Reference Value Advisor software. Lusitano horse-specific RIs are proposed for the following variables: total protein (3.9–7.0 g/dL), albumin (2.5–3.8 g/dL), globulin (1.1–3.7 g/dL), total bilirubin (1.0–5.6 mg/dL), direct bilirubin (0.09–0.68 mg/dL), indirect bilirubin (0.7–5.2 mg/dL), urea (21.0–38.9 mg/dL), creatinine (0.9–2.0 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (150.7–345.1 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (60.7–227.4 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (247.6–959.0 IU/L), glucose (75.5–131.5 mg/dL), cholesterol (58.6–125.2 mg/dL), sodium (129.0–154.9 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.8–4.5 mmol/L), chloride (90.3–107.0 mmol/L), and calcium (8.9–12.6 mg/dL). Different RIs were identified for healthy adult Lusitano horses for 17/22 serum biochemical analytes tested, emphasizing the need for breed-specific RIs to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory results. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-6fece74d707148ff8e85eb33a2a3db052025-08-20T03:56:47ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-07-0112765610.3390/vetsci12070656Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano HorsesMaria João Pires0Mário Cotovio1Felisbina Queiroga2Carlos André Pires3Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira4Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalVeterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalCenter for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, 3004-531 Coimbra, PortugalVeterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalTo date, serum biochemical analytes reference intervals (RIs) in Lusitano horses have not been studied. This study aimed to establish the RIs for biochemical analytes following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to compare them with the general equine population’s RIs. Blood samples were collected from 76 clinically healthy adult Lusitano horses, and RIs of 22 biochemical variables were determined using Reference Value Advisor software. Lusitano horse-specific RIs are proposed for the following variables: total protein (3.9–7.0 g/dL), albumin (2.5–3.8 g/dL), globulin (1.1–3.7 g/dL), total bilirubin (1.0–5.6 mg/dL), direct bilirubin (0.09–0.68 mg/dL), indirect bilirubin (0.7–5.2 mg/dL), urea (21.0–38.9 mg/dL), creatinine (0.9–2.0 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (150.7–345.1 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (60.7–227.4 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (247.6–959.0 IU/L), glucose (75.5–131.5 mg/dL), cholesterol (58.6–125.2 mg/dL), sodium (129.0–154.9 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.8–4.5 mmol/L), chloride (90.3–107.0 mmol/L), and calcium (8.9–12.6 mg/dL). Different RIs were identified for healthy adult Lusitano horses for 17/22 serum biochemical analytes tested, emphasizing the need for breed-specific RIs to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory results.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/656biochemicalreference valuesLusitano horse |
| spellingShingle | Maria João Pires Mário Cotovio Felisbina Queiroga Carlos André Pires Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses Veterinary Sciences biochemical reference values Lusitano horse |
| title | Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses |
| title_full | Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses |
| title_fullStr | Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses |
| title_short | Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses |
| title_sort | reference intervals for biochemical analytes in clinically healthy adult lusitano horses |
| topic | biochemical reference values Lusitano horse |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/656 |
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