Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses

To date, serum biochemical analytes reference intervals (RIs) in Lusitano horses have not been studied. This study aimed to establish the RIs for biochemical analytes following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to compare them with the general equine population’s R...

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Main Authors: Maria João Pires, Mário Cotovio, Felisbina Queiroga, Carlos André Pires, Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/656
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author Maria João Pires
Mário Cotovio
Felisbina Queiroga
Carlos André Pires
Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira
author_facet Maria João Pires
Mário Cotovio
Felisbina Queiroga
Carlos André Pires
Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira
author_sort Maria João Pires
collection DOAJ
description To date, serum biochemical analytes reference intervals (RIs) in Lusitano horses have not been studied. This study aimed to establish the RIs for biochemical analytes following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to compare them with the general equine population’s RIs. Blood samples were collected from 76 clinically healthy adult Lusitano horses, and RIs of 22 biochemical variables were determined using Reference Value Advisor software. Lusitano horse-specific RIs are proposed for the following variables: total protein (3.9–7.0 g/dL), albumin (2.5–3.8 g/dL), globulin (1.1–3.7 g/dL), total bilirubin (1.0–5.6 mg/dL), direct bilirubin (0.09–0.68 mg/dL), indirect bilirubin (0.7–5.2 mg/dL), urea (21.0–38.9 mg/dL), creatinine (0.9–2.0 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (150.7–345.1 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (60.7–227.4 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (247.6–959.0 IU/L), glucose (75.5–131.5 mg/dL), cholesterol (58.6–125.2 mg/dL), sodium (129.0–154.9 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.8–4.5 mmol/L), chloride (90.3–107.0 mmol/L), and calcium (8.9–12.6 mg/dL). Different RIs were identified for healthy adult Lusitano horses for 17/22 serum biochemical analytes tested, emphasizing the need for breed-specific RIs to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory results.
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spelling doaj-art-6fece74d707148ff8e85eb33a2a3db052025-08-20T03:56:47ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-07-0112765610.3390/vetsci12070656Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano HorsesMaria João Pires0Mário Cotovio1Felisbina Queiroga2Carlos André Pires3Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira4Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalVeterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalCenter for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Largo D. Dinis, 3004-531 Coimbra, PortugalVeterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalTo date, serum biochemical analytes reference intervals (RIs) in Lusitano horses have not been studied. This study aimed to establish the RIs for biochemical analytes following the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and to compare them with the general equine population’s RIs. Blood samples were collected from 76 clinically healthy adult Lusitano horses, and RIs of 22 biochemical variables were determined using Reference Value Advisor software. Lusitano horse-specific RIs are proposed for the following variables: total protein (3.9–7.0 g/dL), albumin (2.5–3.8 g/dL), globulin (1.1–3.7 g/dL), total bilirubin (1.0–5.6 mg/dL), direct bilirubin (0.09–0.68 mg/dL), indirect bilirubin (0.7–5.2 mg/dL), urea (21.0–38.9 mg/dL), creatinine (0.9–2.0 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (150.7–345.1 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (60.7–227.4 IU/L), lactate dehydrogenase (247.6–959.0 IU/L), glucose (75.5–131.5 mg/dL), cholesterol (58.6–125.2 mg/dL), sodium (129.0–154.9 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.8–4.5 mmol/L), chloride (90.3–107.0 mmol/L), and calcium (8.9–12.6 mg/dL). Different RIs were identified for healthy adult Lusitano horses for 17/22 serum biochemical analytes tested, emphasizing the need for breed-specific RIs to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory results.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/656biochemicalreference valuesLusitano horse
spellingShingle Maria João Pires
Mário Cotovio
Felisbina Queiroga
Carlos André Pires
Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira
Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
Veterinary Sciences
biochemical
reference values
Lusitano horse
title Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
title_full Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
title_fullStr Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
title_full_unstemmed Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
title_short Reference Intervals for Biochemical Analytes in Clinically Healthy Adult Lusitano Horses
title_sort reference intervals for biochemical analytes in clinically healthy adult lusitano horses
topic biochemical
reference values
Lusitano horse
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/656
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AT carlosandrepires referenceintervalsforbiochemicalanalytesinclinicallyhealthyadultlusitanohorses
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