Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics

Abstract The microbial dynamics of vacuum-packed (VP) beef are shaped by interactions between bacterial and fungal communities, influencing spoilage and meat quality during storage. While bacterial succession is well studied, fungal roles remain underexplored. We examined microbial communities in VP...

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Main Authors: Franz-Ferdinand Roch, Monika Dzieciol, Cameron R. Strachan, Muhammad Sharjeel Chaughtai, Narciso M. Quijada, Tea Movsesijan, Evelyne Selberherr
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:npj Science of Food
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00479-8
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author Franz-Ferdinand Roch
Monika Dzieciol
Cameron R. Strachan
Muhammad Sharjeel Chaughtai
Narciso M. Quijada
Tea Movsesijan
Evelyne Selberherr
author_facet Franz-Ferdinand Roch
Monika Dzieciol
Cameron R. Strachan
Muhammad Sharjeel Chaughtai
Narciso M. Quijada
Tea Movsesijan
Evelyne Selberherr
author_sort Franz-Ferdinand Roch
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The microbial dynamics of vacuum-packed (VP) beef are shaped by interactions between bacterial and fungal communities, influencing spoilage and meat quality during storage. While bacterial succession is well studied, fungal roles remain underexplored. We examined microbial communities in VP beef over 85 days using spike-in, qPCR, 16S/18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, culture-based methods, whole genome sequencing, and co-culture experiments. Initially dominated by Pseudomonas and Brochothrix, the bacterial community shifted toward lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by day 15. Fungal communities remained diverse, with Kurtzmaniella, Barnettozyma, Debaryomyces, and Yarrowia as key genera. Co-culture experiments revealed a triangular interaction: yeasts enhanced LAB, LAB inhibited Enterobacterales, and Enterobacterales suppressed yeasts. Genomic analyses suggest yeast metabolites support LAB, LAB inhibit via acids and bacteriocins, and Enterobacterales produce fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes. These findings highlight fungi’s overlooked role and the importance of inter-kingdom interactions in meat microbiomes, offering a foundation for strategies to improve meat safety and shelf life.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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series npj Science of Food
spelling doaj-art-6fdc04c787f84d28bda6ff699d7b563a2025-08-20T02:37:36ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Food2396-83702025-06-019111610.1038/s41538-025-00479-8Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamicsFranz-Ferdinand Roch0Monika Dzieciol1Cameron R. Strachan2Muhammad Sharjeel Chaughtai3Narciso M. Quijada4Tea Movsesijan5Evelyne Selberherr6Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Center for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Center for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, FFoQSI GmbHClinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Center for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), CSIC - University of SalamancaAustrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, FFoQSI GmbHClinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, Center for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1Abstract The microbial dynamics of vacuum-packed (VP) beef are shaped by interactions between bacterial and fungal communities, influencing spoilage and meat quality during storage. While bacterial succession is well studied, fungal roles remain underexplored. We examined microbial communities in VP beef over 85 days using spike-in, qPCR, 16S/18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, culture-based methods, whole genome sequencing, and co-culture experiments. Initially dominated by Pseudomonas and Brochothrix, the bacterial community shifted toward lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by day 15. Fungal communities remained diverse, with Kurtzmaniella, Barnettozyma, Debaryomyces, and Yarrowia as key genera. Co-culture experiments revealed a triangular interaction: yeasts enhanced LAB, LAB inhibited Enterobacterales, and Enterobacterales suppressed yeasts. Genomic analyses suggest yeast metabolites support LAB, LAB inhibit via acids and bacteriocins, and Enterobacterales produce fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes. These findings highlight fungi’s overlooked role and the importance of inter-kingdom interactions in meat microbiomes, offering a foundation for strategies to improve meat safety and shelf life.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00479-8
spellingShingle Franz-Ferdinand Roch
Monika Dzieciol
Cameron R. Strachan
Muhammad Sharjeel Chaughtai
Narciso M. Quijada
Tea Movsesijan
Evelyne Selberherr
Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
npj Science of Food
title Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
title_full Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
title_fullStr Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
title_short Microbial succession and interaction in vacuum-packed beef: a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
title_sort microbial succession and interaction in vacuum packed beef a longitudinal study of bacterial and fungal dynamics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-025-00479-8
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