Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract Mounting evidence demonstrates that heatwaves aggravate urban air pollution, with substantial impacts on public health, but comparatively little research has addressed Sub-Saharan African contexts. In this study, we focused on Kigali, Rwanda, to assess the relationship between extreme heat...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12210-4 |
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| author | Egide Kalisa Andrew Sudmant |
| author_facet | Egide Kalisa Andrew Sudmant |
| author_sort | Egide Kalisa |
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| description | Abstract Mounting evidence demonstrates that heatwaves aggravate urban air pollution, with substantial impacts on public health, but comparatively little research has addressed Sub-Saharan African contexts. In this study, we focused on Kigali, Rwanda, to assess the relationship between extreme heat events and concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) from 2021 to 2024. Using low-cost sensors for dense spatiotemporal coverage, our analysis finds that O3 concentrations increased significantly during 6 heatwave events with peak values up to 40% higher during heatwaves. Heatwaves also resulted in spikes in PM2.5 and NO2, however the diurnal and seasonal analyses showed that PM2.5 and NO2 dynamics were shaped more by local emissions than temperature alone. These results highlight the compound risks of heat and air pollution in sub-Saharan African cities, underscoring the importance of early-warning systems and robust urban policies that account for both heat and air pollution. In addition, the atmospheric dynamics identified in this research differ from those observed in many high-income countries, highlighting a critical need for more research exploring the intersection of heat and air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6fc4b246a7fa4d9cb4535fc418f38b78 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6fc4b246a7fa4d9cb4535fc418f38b782025-08-20T03:46:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-12210-4Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan AfricaEgide Kalisa0Andrew Sudmant1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western UniversityEdinburgh Climate Change Institute, University of Edinburgh, High School YardsAbstract Mounting evidence demonstrates that heatwaves aggravate urban air pollution, with substantial impacts on public health, but comparatively little research has addressed Sub-Saharan African contexts. In this study, we focused on Kigali, Rwanda, to assess the relationship between extreme heat events and concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) from 2021 to 2024. Using low-cost sensors for dense spatiotemporal coverage, our analysis finds that O3 concentrations increased significantly during 6 heatwave events with peak values up to 40% higher during heatwaves. Heatwaves also resulted in spikes in PM2.5 and NO2, however the diurnal and seasonal analyses showed that PM2.5 and NO2 dynamics were shaped more by local emissions than temperature alone. These results highlight the compound risks of heat and air pollution in sub-Saharan African cities, underscoring the importance of early-warning systems and robust urban policies that account for both heat and air pollution. In addition, the atmospheric dynamics identified in this research differ from those observed in many high-income countries, highlighting a critical need for more research exploring the intersection of heat and air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12210-4HeatwaveOzoneParticulate matterNitrogen dioxideSub-Saharan Africa |
| spellingShingle | Egide Kalisa Andrew Sudmant Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa Scientific Reports Heatwave Ozone Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title | Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full | Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_fullStr | Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_short | Heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort | heatwaves amplify air pollution risks in sub saharan africa |
| topic | Heatwave Ozone Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Sub-Saharan Africa |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12210-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT egidekalisa heatwavesamplifyairpollutionrisksinsubsaharanafrica AT andrewsudmant heatwavesamplifyairpollutionrisksinsubsaharanafrica |