On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering
Although photon–photon scattering does not exist at the tree level, this is no longer the case at loop order and was first calculated by Euler and Heisenberg. The existence of this phenomenon has now been confirmed experimentally by the ATLAS collaboration and plays a small but important role in the...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Barry R. Holstein |
| author_facet | Barry R. Holstein |
| author_sort | Barry R. Holstein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although photon–photon scattering does not exist at the tree level, this is no longer the case at loop order and was first calculated by Euler and Heisenberg. The existence of this phenomenon has now been confirmed experimentally by the ATLAS collaboration and plays a small but important role in the calculation of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-2. We show how the low-energy form of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> scattering amplitude can be determined via causal (on-shell) methods using Compton scattering helicity amplitudes as input for the case of charged S = 0, S = <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and S = 1 intermediate state fields. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6fc46c74aa464dcfa88275b38de0a2bc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj-art-6fc46c74aa464dcfa88275b38de0a2bc2025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972025-04-0111513410.3390/universe11050134On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon ScatteringBarry R. Holstein0Department of Physics—LGRT, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USAAlthough photon–photon scattering does not exist at the tree level, this is no longer the case at loop order and was first calculated by Euler and Heisenberg. The existence of this phenomenon has now been confirmed experimentally by the ATLAS collaboration and plays a small but important role in the calculation of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-2. We show how the low-energy form of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> scattering amplitude can be determined via causal (on-shell) methods using Compton scattering helicity amplitudes as input for the case of charged S = 0, S = <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and S = 1 intermediate state fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/5/134effective LagrangianEuler–Heisenbergon-shell method |
| spellingShingle | Barry R. Holstein On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering Universe effective Lagrangian Euler–Heisenberg on-shell method |
| title | On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering |
| title_full | On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering |
| title_fullStr | On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering |
| title_full_unstemmed | On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering |
| title_short | On-Shell Calculation of Low-Energy Photon–Photon Scattering |
| title_sort | on shell calculation of low energy photon photon scattering |
| topic | effective Lagrangian Euler–Heisenberg on-shell method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/5/134 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barryrholstein onshellcalculationoflowenergyphotonphotonscattering |