Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity

Excitotoxic damage is due to an excessive Ca2+ entry in cells following overactivation of Ca2+-permeable ion channels. In neurons, Ca2+-dependent excitotoxicity is linked to the prominent activation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs), exhibiting a high permeability to Ca2+. Different neurode...

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Main Authors: Tiziano D’Andrea, Sergio Fucile
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1617006/full
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author Tiziano D’Andrea
Sergio Fucile
Sergio Fucile
author_facet Tiziano D’Andrea
Sergio Fucile
Sergio Fucile
author_sort Tiziano D’Andrea
collection DOAJ
description Excitotoxic damage is due to an excessive Ca2+ entry in cells following overactivation of Ca2+-permeable ion channels. In neurons, Ca2+-dependent excitotoxicity is linked to the prominent activation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs), exhibiting a high permeability to Ca2+. Different neurodegenerative diseases share glutamate-and NMDAR-dependent excitotoxicity as a pathogenic mechanism, but also different ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) may be involved in excitotoxic-related pathologies, such as muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in some forms of congenital myasthenic syndrome. We posit that excitotoxicity due to the overactivation of Ca2+-permeable LGICs may be counteracted by using molecules able to reduce selectively the Ca2+ entry, without blocking Na+ influx, thus reducing the adverse effects induced by channel blockers. In this review, we recapitulate: (i) the techniques used to quantify the Ca2+ permeability of LGICs, with a particular focus on the fractional Ca2+ current (Pf, i.e., the percentage of the total current carried by Ca2+); (ii) the known Pf values of the main LGICs; (iii) the modulation of the LGIC Pf values induced by drugs and measured to date. These data support the possibility of fighting excitotoxicity-related pathologies with a new therapeutic approach.
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spelling doaj-art-6fbd418a3afd498abeac869901ac65c92025-08-20T03:30:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022025-07-011910.3389/fncel.2025.16170061617006Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicityTiziano D’Andrea0Sergio Fucile1Sergio Fucile2IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, ItalyIRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Rome University, Rome, ItalyExcitotoxic damage is due to an excessive Ca2+ entry in cells following overactivation of Ca2+-permeable ion channels. In neurons, Ca2+-dependent excitotoxicity is linked to the prominent activation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs), exhibiting a high permeability to Ca2+. Different neurodegenerative diseases share glutamate-and NMDAR-dependent excitotoxicity as a pathogenic mechanism, but also different ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) may be involved in excitotoxic-related pathologies, such as muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in some forms of congenital myasthenic syndrome. We posit that excitotoxicity due to the overactivation of Ca2+-permeable LGICs may be counteracted by using molecules able to reduce selectively the Ca2+ entry, without blocking Na+ influx, thus reducing the adverse effects induced by channel blockers. In this review, we recapitulate: (i) the techniques used to quantify the Ca2+ permeability of LGICs, with a particular focus on the fractional Ca2+ current (Pf, i.e., the percentage of the total current carried by Ca2+); (ii) the known Pf values of the main LGICs; (iii) the modulation of the LGIC Pf values induced by drugs and measured to date. These data support the possibility of fighting excitotoxicity-related pathologies with a new therapeutic approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1617006/fullneuroprotectionneurodegenerationNMDA receptornicotinic acetylcholine receptorfractional Ca2+ current
spellingShingle Tiziano D’Andrea
Sergio Fucile
Sergio Fucile
Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
neuroprotection
neurodegeneration
NMDA receptor
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
fractional Ca2+ current
title Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
title_full Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
title_fullStr Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
title_full_unstemmed Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
title_short Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
title_sort reduction of the ca2 permeability of ligand gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
topic neuroprotection
neurodegeneration
NMDA receptor
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
fractional Ca2+ current
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1617006/full
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AT sergiofucile reductionoftheca2permeabilityofligandgatedionchannelsasastrategyagainstexcitotoxicity
AT sergiofucile reductionoftheca2permeabilityofligandgatedionchannelsasastrategyagainstexcitotoxicity