Reduction of the Ca2+ permeability of ligand-gated ion channels as a strategy against excitotoxicity
Excitotoxic damage is due to an excessive Ca2+ entry in cells following overactivation of Ca2+-permeable ion channels. In neurons, Ca2+-dependent excitotoxicity is linked to the prominent activation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs), exhibiting a high permeability to Ca2+. Different neurode...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2025.1617006/full |
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| Summary: | Excitotoxic damage is due to an excessive Ca2+ entry in cells following overactivation of Ca2+-permeable ion channels. In neurons, Ca2+-dependent excitotoxicity is linked to the prominent activation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs), exhibiting a high permeability to Ca2+. Different neurodegenerative diseases share glutamate-and NMDAR-dependent excitotoxicity as a pathogenic mechanism, but also different ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) may be involved in excitotoxic-related pathologies, such as muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in some forms of congenital myasthenic syndrome. We posit that excitotoxicity due to the overactivation of Ca2+-permeable LGICs may be counteracted by using molecules able to reduce selectively the Ca2+ entry, without blocking Na+ influx, thus reducing the adverse effects induced by channel blockers. In this review, we recapitulate: (i) the techniques used to quantify the Ca2+ permeability of LGICs, with a particular focus on the fractional Ca2+ current (Pf, i.e., the percentage of the total current carried by Ca2+); (ii) the known Pf values of the main LGICs; (iii) the modulation of the LGIC Pf values induced by drugs and measured to date. These data support the possibility of fighting excitotoxicity-related pathologies with a new therapeutic approach. |
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| ISSN: | 1662-5102 |