Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines
The aim of this paper is to determine the involvement of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in intermediate CRPS 1 as locally formed mediators of inflammation. In this study, 25 patients with proven CRPS 1 (Bruehl criteria) were included. All patients participated in one of our...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2005-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/MI.2005.366 |
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| author | Renate J. M. Munnikes Christel Muis Martine Boersma Claudia Heijmans-Antonissen Freek J. Zijlstra Frank J. P. M. Huygen |
| author_facet | Renate J. M. Munnikes Christel Muis Martine Boersma Claudia Heijmans-Antonissen Freek J. Zijlstra Frank J. P. M. Huygen |
| author_sort | Renate J. M. Munnikes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this paper is to determine the involvement of tumour necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in
intermediate CRPS 1 as locally formed mediators of inflammation.
In this study, 25 patients with proven CRPS 1
(Bruehl criteria) were included. All patients participated in one
of our earlier studies during the acute stage of their disease.
After the disease developed into an intermediate stage, both the
disease activity and the profile of inflammatory mediators were
reevaluated. Disease activity and impairment were determined by
means of a visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire,
the difference in volume and temperature between the involved and
uninvolved extremities, and the reduction in active range of
motion of the involved extremity. Suction blisters were made on
the involved and uninvolved extremities for measurement of IL-6
and TNF-α. A significant improvement in
signs and symptoms of impairment was found. However, the levels of
IL-6 and TNF-α in blister fluid in the involved extremity
versus uninvolved extremity were still significantly raised.
Although signs and symptoms are
significantly improved, proinflammatory cytokines are still
increased in CRPS 1 affected extremities during the intermediate
stage of the disease. This indicates that the initiation and
sustained development of the disease are only partially affected by
proinflammatory cytokines. Follow-up in the chronic stage is
necessary to draw more definite conclusions about the existence of
a supposed relation between clinical signs and symptoms and the
level of proinflammatory cytokines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6fb6739dfa0348de85e6603da19820bf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2005-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-6fb6739dfa0348de85e6603da19820bf2025-02-03T06:07:46ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612005-01-012005636637210.1155/MI.2005.366Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory CytokinesRenate J. M. Munnikes0Christel Muis1Martine Boersma2Claudia Heijmans-Antonissen3Freek J. Zijlstra4Frank J. P. M. Huygen5Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Treatment Centre, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The NetherlandsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pain Treatment Centre, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The NetherlandsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pain Treatment Centre, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The NetherlandsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pain Treatment Centre, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The NetherlandsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pain Treatment Centre, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The NetherlandsDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pain Treatment Centre, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The NetherlandsThe aim of this paper is to determine the involvement of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in intermediate CRPS 1 as locally formed mediators of inflammation. In this study, 25 patients with proven CRPS 1 (Bruehl criteria) were included. All patients participated in one of our earlier studies during the acute stage of their disease. After the disease developed into an intermediate stage, both the disease activity and the profile of inflammatory mediators were reevaluated. Disease activity and impairment were determined by means of a visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the difference in volume and temperature between the involved and uninvolved extremities, and the reduction in active range of motion of the involved extremity. Suction blisters were made on the involved and uninvolved extremities for measurement of IL-6 and TNF-α. A significant improvement in signs and symptoms of impairment was found. However, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in blister fluid in the involved extremity versus uninvolved extremity were still significantly raised. Although signs and symptoms are significantly improved, proinflammatory cytokines are still increased in CRPS 1 affected extremities during the intermediate stage of the disease. This indicates that the initiation and sustained development of the disease are only partially affected by proinflammatory cytokines. Follow-up in the chronic stage is necessary to draw more definite conclusions about the existence of a supposed relation between clinical signs and symptoms and the level of proinflammatory cytokines.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/MI.2005.366 |
| spellingShingle | Renate J. M. Munnikes Christel Muis Martine Boersma Claudia Heijmans-Antonissen Freek J. Zijlstra Frank J. P. M. Huygen Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines |
| title_full | Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines |
| title_fullStr | Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines |
| title_short | Intermediate Stage Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Is Unrelated to Proinflammatory Cytokines |
| title_sort | intermediate stage complex regional pain syndrome type 1 is unrelated to proinflammatory cytokines |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/MI.2005.366 |
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