Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) stands out for its widespread use in medical and industrial applications due to its transparency, impact resistance, lightweight nature, and weather durability, and ease of fabrication. In this study, we investigate a novel composite material combining PMMA wi...

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Main Authors: Mahdieh Mokhtari Dorostkar, Akbar Abdi Saray
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11155-y
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author Mahdieh Mokhtari Dorostkar
Akbar Abdi Saray
author_facet Mahdieh Mokhtari Dorostkar
Akbar Abdi Saray
author_sort Mahdieh Mokhtari Dorostkar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) stands out for its widespread use in medical and industrial applications due to its transparency, impact resistance, lightweight nature, and weather durability, and ease of fabrication. In this study, we investigate a novel composite material combining PMMA with tungsten oxide (WO3), a high-atomic-number filler known to enhance gamma radiation shielding. Composite samples with varying weight fractions of WO3 were simulated using Monte Carlo particle transport codes, MCNP6 and GEANT4. Key shielding parameters, including the effective atomic number (via Phy-X), attenuation coefficients (via XCOM), linear and mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half-value layer, and tenth-value layer (via MCNP6, GEANT4, and experimental data) were analyzed. Experimental validation was performed using 137Cs gamma source. Remarkably, the addition of only 0.5% tungsten oxide resulted in more than a 60% increase in the linear attenuation coefficient, an 80% reduction in the mean free path, and over an 80% decrease in the half-value layer, compared to pure PMMA. Importantly, the composite retained high optical transparency at low filler concentrations, making it an ideal candidate for transparent radiation shielding applications such as protective windows, protective screens, medical barriers, industrial monitoring panels, and protective eyewear. These findings highlight the strong potential of PMMA-WO3 composites as effective, lightweight, and transparent gamma radiation shields.
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spelling doaj-art-6fa26c17201f42e7b813cbfa588804da2025-08-20T03:05:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-11155-yDevelopment of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulationMahdieh Mokhtari Dorostkar0Akbar Abdi Saray1Department of Physics, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Physics, Urmia UniversityAbstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) stands out for its widespread use in medical and industrial applications due to its transparency, impact resistance, lightweight nature, and weather durability, and ease of fabrication. In this study, we investigate a novel composite material combining PMMA with tungsten oxide (WO3), a high-atomic-number filler known to enhance gamma radiation shielding. Composite samples with varying weight fractions of WO3 were simulated using Monte Carlo particle transport codes, MCNP6 and GEANT4. Key shielding parameters, including the effective atomic number (via Phy-X), attenuation coefficients (via XCOM), linear and mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half-value layer, and tenth-value layer (via MCNP6, GEANT4, and experimental data) were analyzed. Experimental validation was performed using 137Cs gamma source. Remarkably, the addition of only 0.5% tungsten oxide resulted in more than a 60% increase in the linear attenuation coefficient, an 80% reduction in the mean free path, and over an 80% decrease in the half-value layer, compared to pure PMMA. Importantly, the composite retained high optical transparency at low filler concentrations, making it an ideal candidate for transparent radiation shielding applications such as protective windows, protective screens, medical barriers, industrial monitoring panels, and protective eyewear. These findings highlight the strong potential of PMMA-WO3 composites as effective, lightweight, and transparent gamma radiation shields.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11155-yShieldingMonte Carlo simulationPMMA@WO3 polymer compositeXCOM
spellingShingle Mahdieh Mokhtari Dorostkar
Akbar Abdi Saray
Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation
Scientific Reports
Shielding
Monte Carlo simulation
PMMA@WO3 polymer composite
XCOM
title Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation
title_full Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation
title_fullStr Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation
title_full_unstemmed Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation
title_short Development of PMMA based polymer composite incorporating WO3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and Monte Carlo simulation
title_sort development of pmma based polymer composite incorporating wo3 for gamma radiation shielding using synthesis and monte carlo simulation
topic Shielding
Monte Carlo simulation
PMMA@WO3 polymer composite
XCOM
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11155-y
work_keys_str_mv AT mahdiehmokhtaridorostkar developmentofpmmabasedpolymercompositeincorporatingwo3forgammaradiationshieldingusingsynthesisandmontecarlosimulation
AT akbarabdisaray developmentofpmmabasedpolymercompositeincorporatingwo3forgammaradiationshieldingusingsynthesisandmontecarlosimulation