A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Conducting an inquiry into the structural, mechanical, electrical, and optical aspects of Ge‐based InGeX3 (Cl, Br, and I) halide perovskites using the density functional theory approach is the main objective of this study. The investigation reveals that substituting the bigger halogen atoms...

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Main Authors: Md. Amran Sarker, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Sharmin Akhter Luna, Md. Imtiaz Hossain Chowdhury, Md. Rabbi Talukder, Md. Rasidul Islam, Sohail Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Energy Science & Engineering
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70065
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author Md. Amran Sarker
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Sharmin Akhter Luna
Md. Imtiaz Hossain Chowdhury
Md. Rabbi Talukder
Md. Rasidul Islam
Sohail Ahmad
author_facet Md. Amran Sarker
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Sharmin Akhter Luna
Md. Imtiaz Hossain Chowdhury
Md. Rabbi Talukder
Md. Rasidul Islam
Sohail Ahmad
author_sort Md. Amran Sarker
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Conducting an inquiry into the structural, mechanical, electrical, and optical aspects of Ge‐based InGeX3 (Cl, Br, and I) halide perovskites using the density functional theory approach is the main objective of this study. The investigation reveals that substituting the bigger halogen atoms (Br and I) with the smaller halide (Cl) enhances the structural stability of the compound. The largest values of lattice constant and unit cell volumes are found for the InGeI3 compound. Formation energy and born stability criteria are also calculated, which comprehend the compounds as chemically and mechanically stable. Elastic constants, mechanical properties, and anisotropy behavior of the compounds are also analyzed. The investigation explicitly demonstrates that InGeCl3 has superior ductility, machinability, and hardness as well. The anisotropy nature of all our studied compounds has also been discussed and visualized through three‐dimensional contour maps. Employing the GGA‐PBE and HSE06 functional, the band gap energy of each InGeX3 perovskite has been determined. In all our studied compounds, a direct band gap was observed at the high symmetrical point, R. The optical properties of the perovskites, including dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, and extinction coefficient, have been analyzed. Overall, the results of the investigation conclude that InGeX3 perovskite compounds are the preferred material choice for effective performance in multijunctional solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
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spelling doaj-art-6f961fa205ed4880a2e9f68cfc34ea182025-08-20T02:09:00ZengWileyEnergy Science & Engineering2050-05052025-06-011362757277110.1002/ese3.70065A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar CellsMd. Amran Sarker0Md. Mehedi Hasan1Sharmin Akhter Luna2Md. Imtiaz Hossain Chowdhury3Md. Rabbi Talukder4Md. Rasidul Islam5Sohail Ahmad6Department of Materials Science & Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) Khulna BangladeshDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) Khulna BangladeshDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) Khulna BangladeshDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) Khulna BangladeshDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) Khulna BangladeshDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University Jamalpur BangladeshDepartment of Physics, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi ArabiaABSTRACT Conducting an inquiry into the structural, mechanical, electrical, and optical aspects of Ge‐based InGeX3 (Cl, Br, and I) halide perovskites using the density functional theory approach is the main objective of this study. The investigation reveals that substituting the bigger halogen atoms (Br and I) with the smaller halide (Cl) enhances the structural stability of the compound. The largest values of lattice constant and unit cell volumes are found for the InGeI3 compound. Formation energy and born stability criteria are also calculated, which comprehend the compounds as chemically and mechanically stable. Elastic constants, mechanical properties, and anisotropy behavior of the compounds are also analyzed. The investigation explicitly demonstrates that InGeCl3 has superior ductility, machinability, and hardness as well. The anisotropy nature of all our studied compounds has also been discussed and visualized through three‐dimensional contour maps. Employing the GGA‐PBE and HSE06 functional, the band gap energy of each InGeX3 perovskite has been determined. In all our studied compounds, a direct band gap was observed at the high symmetrical point, R. The optical properties of the perovskites, including dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, and extinction coefficient, have been analyzed. Overall, the results of the investigation conclude that InGeX3 perovskite compounds are the preferred material choice for effective performance in multijunctional solar cells and optoelectronic devices.https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70065DFTdirect band gapelastic reliabilityoptoelectronicssolar cell
spellingShingle Md. Amran Sarker
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Sharmin Akhter Luna
Md. Imtiaz Hossain Chowdhury
Md. Rabbi Talukder
Md. Rasidul Islam
Sohail Ahmad
A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells
Energy Science & Engineering
DFT
direct band gap
elastic reliability
optoelectronics
solar cell
title A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells
title_full A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells
title_fullStr A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells
title_full_unstemmed A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells
title_short A DFT Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Lead‐Free Novel InGeX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites for Potential Applications in Multijunctional Solar Cells
title_sort dft investigation of structural electronic optical and mechanical properties of lead free novel ingex3 x cl br and i perovskites for potential applications in multijunctional solar cells
topic DFT
direct band gap
elastic reliability
optoelectronics
solar cell
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.70065
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