Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery
<b>Background/objectives</b>: Common carotid artery occlusion can cause oxidant and inflammatory damage to the optic nerve. In this study, the effect of sunitinib was investigated, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of which have been previously reported and shown to be pro...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Ibrahim Cicek Cenap Mahmut Esenulku Ahmet Mehmet Somuncu Seval Bulut Nurinisa Yucel Tugba Bal Tastan Taha Abdulkadir Coban Halis Suleyman |
| author_facet | Ibrahim Cicek Cenap Mahmut Esenulku Ahmet Mehmet Somuncu Seval Bulut Nurinisa Yucel Tugba Bal Tastan Taha Abdulkadir Coban Halis Suleyman |
| author_sort | Ibrahim Cicek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/objectives</b>: Common carotid artery occlusion can cause oxidant and inflammatory damage to the optic nerve. In this study, the effect of sunitinib was investigated, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of which have been previously reported and shown to be protective in I/R injury and in preventing bilateral optic nerve ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injuries after unilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, 18 Albino Wistar male rats were divided into SG (sham-operated), CCU (clamping and unclamping), and SCCU (sunitinib + clamping and unclamping) groups. One hour before the surgical procedures, sunitinib (25 mg/kg, oral) was given to SCCU rats. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine (60 mg/kg, ip) and sevoflurane. The right common carotid arteries of all rats were accessed under anesthesia. While the skin opened in SG rats was closed with sutures, the right common carotid arteries of CCU and SCCU rats were clipped, and an ischemia period was created for 10 min. Then, reperfusion (6 h) was achieved by unclipping. After euthanasia with ketamine (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), the right and left optic nerves of the rats were removed and examined biochemically and histopathologically. <b>Results</b>: Malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased, and total glutathione levels had decreased in both ipsilateral and contralateral optic nerves (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These changes were more prominent on the ipsilateral side. Similarly, histopathological damage was observed to be more on the ipsilateral side (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Biochemical and histopathological changes were significantly suppressed in rats receiving sunitinib treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: Sunitinib may protect optic nerve tissue against I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6f8f86c76d5b4908a725ca3be25269c22025-08-20T02:11:25ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113362010.3390/biomedicines13030620Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid ArteryIbrahim Cicek0Cenap Mahmut Esenulku1Ahmet Mehmet Somuncu2Seval Bulut3Nurinisa Yucel4Tugba Bal Tastan5Taha Abdulkadir Coban6Halis Suleyman7Department of Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, TurkeyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trabzon Kanuni Health Application and Research Center, Health Sciences University, Trabzon 61040, TurkeyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Trabzon Kanuni Health Application and Research Center, Health Sciences University, Trabzon 61040, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, TurkeyPharmacy Services Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24036, TurkeyDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, TurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey<b>Background/objectives</b>: Common carotid artery occlusion can cause oxidant and inflammatory damage to the optic nerve. In this study, the effect of sunitinib was investigated, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of which have been previously reported and shown to be protective in I/R injury and in preventing bilateral optic nerve ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injuries after unilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, 18 Albino Wistar male rats were divided into SG (sham-operated), CCU (clamping and unclamping), and SCCU (sunitinib + clamping and unclamping) groups. One hour before the surgical procedures, sunitinib (25 mg/kg, oral) was given to SCCU rats. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine (60 mg/kg, ip) and sevoflurane. The right common carotid arteries of all rats were accessed under anesthesia. While the skin opened in SG rats was closed with sutures, the right common carotid arteries of CCU and SCCU rats were clipped, and an ischemia period was created for 10 min. Then, reperfusion (6 h) was achieved by unclipping. After euthanasia with ketamine (120 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), the right and left optic nerves of the rats were removed and examined biochemically and histopathologically. <b>Results</b>: Malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were increased, and total glutathione levels had decreased in both ipsilateral and contralateral optic nerves (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These changes were more prominent on the ipsilateral side. Similarly, histopathological damage was observed to be more on the ipsilateral side (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Biochemical and histopathological changes were significantly suppressed in rats receiving sunitinib treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: Sunitinib may protect optic nerve tissue against I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/620sunitiniboptic nerveischemia–reperfusionoxidative stressinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim Cicek Cenap Mahmut Esenulku Ahmet Mehmet Somuncu Seval Bulut Nurinisa Yucel Tugba Bal Tastan Taha Abdulkadir Coban Halis Suleyman Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery Biomedicines sunitinib optic nerve ischemia–reperfusion oxidative stress inflammation |
| title | Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery |
| title_full | Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery |
| title_fullStr | Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery |
| title_short | Sunitinib’s Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery |
| title_sort | sunitinib s effect on bilateral optic nerve damage in rats following the unilateral clamping and unclamping of the common carotid artery |
| topic | sunitinib optic nerve ischemia–reperfusion oxidative stress inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/620 |
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