Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the PIWI subclass of the Argonaute protein family and are essential for maintaining germline integrity. Initially discovered in Drosophila, PIWI proteins safeguard piRNAs, forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, crucial for reg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1495035/full |
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| author | Mahammed Zaid Patel Yuguan Jiang Pavan Kumar Kakumani |
| author_facet | Mahammed Zaid Patel Yuguan Jiang Pavan Kumar Kakumani |
| author_sort | Mahammed Zaid Patel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the PIWI subclass of the Argonaute protein family and are essential for maintaining germline integrity. Initially discovered in Drosophila, PIWI proteins safeguard piRNAs, forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, crucial for regulating gene expression and genome stability, by suppressing transposable elements (TEs). Recent insights revealed that piRNAs and PIWI proteins, known for their roles in germline maintenance, significantly influence mRNA stability, translation and retrotransposon silencing in both stem cells and bodily tissues. In the current review, we explore the multifaceted roles of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in numerous biological contexts, emphasizing their involvement in stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and the development of human diseases. Additionally, we discussed the up-and-coming animal models, beyond the classical fruit fly and earthworm systems, for studying piRNA-PIWIs in self-renewal and cell differentiation. Further, our review offers new insights and discusses the emerging roles of piRNA-dependent and independent functions of PIWI proteins in the soma, especially the mRNA regulation at the post-transcriptional level, governing stem cell characteristics, tumor development, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6f5dc53ee5364903a3cee01ea297e08a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6f5dc53ee5364903a3cee01ea297e08a2025-08-20T02:20:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2024-12-011210.3389/fcell.2024.14950351495035Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and diseaseMahammed Zaid PatelYuguan JiangPavan Kumar KakumaniPIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind to the PIWI subclass of the Argonaute protein family and are essential for maintaining germline integrity. Initially discovered in Drosophila, PIWI proteins safeguard piRNAs, forming ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, crucial for regulating gene expression and genome stability, by suppressing transposable elements (TEs). Recent insights revealed that piRNAs and PIWI proteins, known for their roles in germline maintenance, significantly influence mRNA stability, translation and retrotransposon silencing in both stem cells and bodily tissues. In the current review, we explore the multifaceted roles of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in numerous biological contexts, emphasizing their involvement in stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and the development of human diseases. Additionally, we discussed the up-and-coming animal models, beyond the classical fruit fly and earthworm systems, for studying piRNA-PIWIs in self-renewal and cell differentiation. Further, our review offers new insights and discusses the emerging roles of piRNA-dependent and independent functions of PIWI proteins in the soma, especially the mRNA regulation at the post-transcriptional level, governing stem cell characteristics, tumor development, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1495035/fullpiRNAPIWImRNAretrotransposonsgene regulationstem cells |
| spellingShingle | Mahammed Zaid Patel Yuguan Jiang Pavan Kumar Kakumani Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology piRNA PIWI mRNA retrotransposons gene regulation stem cells |
| title | Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease |
| title_full | Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease |
| title_fullStr | Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease |
| title_short | Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease |
| title_sort | somatic pirna and piwi mediated post transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease |
| topic | piRNA PIWI mRNA retrotransposons gene regulation stem cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1495035/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahammedzaidpatel somaticpirnaandpiwimediatedposttranscriptionalgeneregulationinstemcellsanddisease AT yuguanjiang somaticpirnaandpiwimediatedposttranscriptionalgeneregulationinstemcellsanddisease AT pavankumarkakumani somaticpirnaandpiwimediatedposttranscriptionalgeneregulationinstemcellsanddisease |