Radiative impact of record-breaking wildfires from integrated ground-based data

Abstract The radiative effects of wildfires have been traditionally estimated by models using radiative transfer calculations. Assessment of model-predicted radiative effects commonly involves information on observation-based aerosol optical properties. However, lack or incompleteness of this inform...

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Main Authors: Evgueni Kassianov, Connor J. Flynn, James C. Barnard, Larry K. Berg, Sherman J. Beus, Xingyuan Chen, Swarup China, Jennifer M. Comstock, Brian D. Ermold, Abdulamid A. Fakoya, Gourihar Kulkarni, Nurun Nahar Lata, Nate G. Mcdowell, Victor R. Morris, Mikhail S. Pekour, Hans J. Rasmussen, Laura D. Riihimaki, Mingjie Shi, Manish Shrivastava, Hagen Telg, Alla Zelenyuk, Damao Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85103-1
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Summary:Abstract The radiative effects of wildfires have been traditionally estimated by models using radiative transfer calculations. Assessment of model-predicted radiative effects commonly involves information on observation-based aerosol optical properties. However, lack or incompleteness of this information for dense plumes generated by intense wildfires reduces substantially the applicability of this assessment. Here we introduce a novel method that provides additional observational constraints for such assessments using widely available ground-based measurements of shortwave and spectrally resolved irradiances and aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. We apply our method to quantify the radiative impact of the record-breaking wildfires that occurred in the Western US in September 2020. For our quantification we use integrated ground-based data collected at the Atmospheric Measurements Laboratory in Richland, Washington, USA with a location frequently downwind of wildfires in the Western US. We demonstrate that remarkably dense plumes generated by these wildfires strongly reduced the solar surface irradiance (up to 70% or 450 Wm-2 for total shortwave flux) and almost completely masked the sun from view due to extremely large AOD (above 10 at 500 nm wavelength). We also demonstrate that the plume-induced radiative impact is comparable in magnitude with those produced by a violent volcano eruption occurred in the Western US in 1980 and continental cumuli.
ISSN:2045-2322