Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations
Artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is one of the most promising marine carbon dioxide removal technologies, but its influence on marine carbon chemistry remains unclear. We applied data from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to characterize the temporal and spatial variabili...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Oceans |
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| author | Baoxiao Qu Jinming Song Xuegang Li Huamao Yuan Liqin Duan |
| author_facet | Baoxiao Qu Jinming Song Xuegang Li Huamao Yuan Liqin Duan |
| author_sort | Baoxiao Qu |
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| description | Artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is one of the most promising marine carbon dioxide removal technologies, but its influence on marine carbon chemistry remains unclear. We applied data from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to characterize the temporal and spatial variabilities of future marine carbon chemistry under the implementation of AOA. Our study shows that the marine carbon system varied significantly under the implementation of AOA, but some specific effects may be masked by the forcing of the high carbon emission scenario SSP5-8.5. Based on the CMIP6 protocol, which added 0.14 Pmol of alkalinity into the ocean annually, AOA promoted an increase in DIC, delayed the rise in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, and mitigated declines in pH and Ω, respectively. The temperate oceans in both hemispheres were the most significantly impacted basins, whereas the Southern Ocean was the least affected. During this century, the oceanic carbon sink is expected to intensify rapidly until around the year 2080, and then gradually weaken. The implementation of AOA merely changed the relative strength of the oceanic sink, rather than its overall variation pattern. Furthermore, in the deep ocean, the effect of AOA was present but quite limited in mitigating ocean acidification. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6f377e07507e4ea1bc60d72a7158f6b8 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-1924 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Oceans |
| spelling | doaj-art-6f377e07507e4ea1bc60d72a7158f6b82025-08-20T02:21:46ZengMDPI AGOceans2673-19242025-05-01622910.3390/oceans6020029Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 SimulationsBaoxiao Qu0Jinming Song1Xuegang Li2Huamao Yuan3Liqin Duan4CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, ChinaArtificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is one of the most promising marine carbon dioxide removal technologies, but its influence on marine carbon chemistry remains unclear. We applied data from the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to characterize the temporal and spatial variabilities of future marine carbon chemistry under the implementation of AOA. Our study shows that the marine carbon system varied significantly under the implementation of AOA, but some specific effects may be masked by the forcing of the high carbon emission scenario SSP5-8.5. Based on the CMIP6 protocol, which added 0.14 Pmol of alkalinity into the ocean annually, AOA promoted an increase in DIC, delayed the rise in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>, and mitigated declines in pH and Ω, respectively. The temperate oceans in both hemispheres were the most significantly impacted basins, whereas the Southern Ocean was the least affected. During this century, the oceanic carbon sink is expected to intensify rapidly until around the year 2080, and then gradually weaken. The implementation of AOA merely changed the relative strength of the oceanic sink, rather than its overall variation pattern. Furthermore, in the deep ocean, the effect of AOA was present but quite limited in mitigating ocean acidification.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/6/2/29carbon chemistryartificial ocean alkalinizationearth system modelCMIP6 |
| spellingShingle | Baoxiao Qu Jinming Song Xuegang Li Huamao Yuan Liqin Duan Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations Oceans carbon chemistry artificial ocean alkalinization earth system model CMIP6 |
| title | Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations |
| title_full | Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations |
| title_fullStr | Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations |
| title_short | Future Changes in Carbon Chemistry Under the Implementation of Artificial Ocean Alkalinization Based on CMIP6 Simulations |
| title_sort | future changes in carbon chemistry under the implementation of artificial ocean alkalinization based on cmip6 simulations |
| topic | carbon chemistry artificial ocean alkalinization earth system model CMIP6 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/6/2/29 |
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