Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio

Crop rotations in the Midwest U.S. have become less diversified over the last twenty years while at the same time cover crop acreage has increased. The impact of these changes on soil health and soil microbial communities is not entirely understood. In rotational plots at two sites in Ohio, we inves...

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Main Authors: Timothy S. Frey, Denis A. Shah, Laura E. Lindsey, Christine Sprunger, Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora, M. Soledad Benitez Ponce
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Soil Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1535734/full
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author Timothy S. Frey
Denis A. Shah
Laura E. Lindsey
Christine Sprunger
Christine Sprunger
Christine Sprunger
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora
M. Soledad Benitez Ponce
author_facet Timothy S. Frey
Denis A. Shah
Laura E. Lindsey
Christine Sprunger
Christine Sprunger
Christine Sprunger
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora
M. Soledad Benitez Ponce
author_sort Timothy S. Frey
collection DOAJ
description Crop rotations in the Midwest U.S. have become less diversified over the last twenty years while at the same time cover crop acreage has increased. The impact of these changes on soil health and soil microbial communities is not entirely understood. In rotational plots at two sites in Ohio, we investigated the impact of a corn-soy-wheat crop rotation and a rye cover crop on soil carbon, nitrogen, soil organic matter, and their relationships with soybean yield. Rhizosphere fungal, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal, and bacterial communities were also assessed, as well as soil health and yield parameters. Microbial communities were measured using long and short-read amplicon sequencing on the PacBio and Illumina platforms. Small changes in soil health parameters were observed, including increased soil protein in the cover crop treatment at one of the sites. We also observed increasing yields in the diversified rotations and cover crops at one site. Soil bacterial and fungal communities showed differences driven by site, and AM fungi showed differences by rotation in one site-year combination. Network analysis revealed several fungal network modules correlated with increases in POXC and bacterial network modules correlated with soil protein and respiration. This research uniquely addresses the interactions between cover crops and diversified rotations and their impact on soil health in no-till production in Ohio.
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spelling doaj-art-6f2b9d75dd6d4998be38044852dd89ce2025-08-20T03:15:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Soil Science2673-86192025-03-01510.3389/fsoil.2025.15357341535734Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in OhioTimothy S. Frey0Denis A. Shah1Laura E. Lindsey2Christine Sprunger3Christine Sprunger4Christine Sprunger5Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora6M. Soledad Benitez Ponce7Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United StatesDepartment of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United StatesDepartment of Horticulture and Crop Science, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesW.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United StatesPlant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United StatesCrop rotations in the Midwest U.S. have become less diversified over the last twenty years while at the same time cover crop acreage has increased. The impact of these changes on soil health and soil microbial communities is not entirely understood. In rotational plots at two sites in Ohio, we investigated the impact of a corn-soy-wheat crop rotation and a rye cover crop on soil carbon, nitrogen, soil organic matter, and their relationships with soybean yield. Rhizosphere fungal, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal, and bacterial communities were also assessed, as well as soil health and yield parameters. Microbial communities were measured using long and short-read amplicon sequencing on the PacBio and Illumina platforms. Small changes in soil health parameters were observed, including increased soil protein in the cover crop treatment at one of the sites. We also observed increasing yields in the diversified rotations and cover crops at one site. Soil bacterial and fungal communities showed differences driven by site, and AM fungi showed differences by rotation in one site-year combination. Network analysis revealed several fungal network modules correlated with increases in POXC and bacterial network modules correlated with soil protein and respiration. This research uniquely addresses the interactions between cover crops and diversified rotations and their impact on soil health in no-till production in Ohio.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1535734/fullfungibacteriaryesoybeancommunitiesmycorrhizae
spellingShingle Timothy S. Frey
Denis A. Shah
Laura E. Lindsey
Christine Sprunger
Christine Sprunger
Christine Sprunger
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora
M. Soledad Benitez Ponce
Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio
Frontiers in Soil Science
fungi
bacteria
rye
soybean
communities
mycorrhizae
title Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio
title_full Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio
title_fullStr Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio
title_full_unstemmed Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio
title_short Crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health, microbial communities, and soybean yield in Ohio
title_sort crop rotation and a rye cover crop have minor impacts on soil health microbial communities and soybean yield in ohio
topic fungi
bacteria
rye
soybean
communities
mycorrhizae
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1535734/full
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