Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process
Abstract Background To ensure wide implementation of the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) recommendations beyond English-speaking countries, the availability of recommended concussion assessment tools in other languages is a key step, especially in countries where few sport-related concussion guidel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01950-8 |
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| author | Veronica Baioccato Marco Bazo Irene Leo Alessandra Simonelli Andrea Ermolao Jon S. Patricios Ruben J. Echemendia Gavin A. Davis Valentina Re Silvia Bressan |
| author_facet | Veronica Baioccato Marco Bazo Irene Leo Alessandra Simonelli Andrea Ermolao Jon S. Patricios Ruben J. Echemendia Gavin A. Davis Valentina Re Silvia Bressan |
| author_sort | Veronica Baioccato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To ensure wide implementation of the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) recommendations beyond English-speaking countries, the availability of recommended concussion assessment tools in other languages is a key step, especially in countries where few sport-related concussion guidelines exist. We describe the process and adaptations followed in the Italian translation of the latest CISG concussion assessment tools: the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™). Methods Based on CISG procedures, we engaged in an 8-step process which sequentially included verbatim translation in Italian, reconciliation of translation and cultural adaptation, back-translation (from Italian into English), appraisal of the back-translation, validation of the refined Italian version, review and adjustment by an expert committee, pilot testing in 12 amateur athletes and document finalization. Results The immediate memory test required replacement with Rey Words to be meaningful in Italian, as per the advice of the working group neuropsychologists. The remaining tests did not need any substantial changes except for translation and cultural adaptation. The refinement process continued until the Italian CRT6 ™, SCAT6® and SCOAT6 ™ were rated as ‘extremely clear/coherent/grammatically correct’ (score 7 on a 7-point Likert scale). The average time needed to carry out assessments using the final Italian version of CRT6 ™, SCAT6® and SCOAT6 ™, was 3.2 min (SD 0.69), 21.12 min (SD 3.16) and 24.50 min (SD 3.18), respectively. These were found to have acceptable clarity, understandability, grammatical correctness, and coherence. Conclusion The Italian CRT6 ™, SCAT6® and SCOAT6 ™ are the first concussion assessment tools available in the Italian language for both healthcare providers and athletes and enable improvement of concussion management based on the CISG recommendations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6f24ba76c8c34c7b90e07df208cbf8e3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1824-7288 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-6f24ba76c8c34c7b90e07df208cbf8e32025-08-20T03:10:10ZengBMCItalian Journal of Pediatrics1824-72882025-04-015111710.1186/s13052-025-01950-8Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian processVeronica Baioccato0Marco Bazo1Irene Leo2Alessandra Simonelli3Andrea Ermolao4Jon S. Patricios5Ruben J. Echemendia6Gavin A. Davis7Valentina Re8Silvia Bressan9Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, University Hospital of Padova, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic DiseasesDepartment of Women’S and Children’S Health, University of PadovaDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of PadovaDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of PadovaSports and Exercise Medicine Division, University Hospital of Padova, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic DiseasesWits Sport and Health (Wish), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityMurdoch Children’S Research InstituteIstituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS)Department of Women’S and Children’S Health, University of PadovaAbstract Background To ensure wide implementation of the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) recommendations beyond English-speaking countries, the availability of recommended concussion assessment tools in other languages is a key step, especially in countries where few sport-related concussion guidelines exist. We describe the process and adaptations followed in the Italian translation of the latest CISG concussion assessment tools: the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™). Methods Based on CISG procedures, we engaged in an 8-step process which sequentially included verbatim translation in Italian, reconciliation of translation and cultural adaptation, back-translation (from Italian into English), appraisal of the back-translation, validation of the refined Italian version, review and adjustment by an expert committee, pilot testing in 12 amateur athletes and document finalization. Results The immediate memory test required replacement with Rey Words to be meaningful in Italian, as per the advice of the working group neuropsychologists. The remaining tests did not need any substantial changes except for translation and cultural adaptation. The refinement process continued until the Italian CRT6 ™, SCAT6® and SCOAT6 ™ were rated as ‘extremely clear/coherent/grammatically correct’ (score 7 on a 7-point Likert scale). The average time needed to carry out assessments using the final Italian version of CRT6 ™, SCAT6® and SCOAT6 ™, was 3.2 min (SD 0.69), 21.12 min (SD 3.16) and 24.50 min (SD 3.18), respectively. These were found to have acceptable clarity, understandability, grammatical correctness, and coherence. Conclusion The Italian CRT6 ™, SCAT6® and SCOAT6 ™ are the first concussion assessment tools available in the Italian language for both healthcare providers and athletes and enable improvement of concussion management based on the CISG recommendations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01950-8ConcussionMild traumatic brain injurySport related concussionInjury preventionTranslation |
| spellingShingle | Veronica Baioccato Marco Bazo Irene Leo Alessandra Simonelli Andrea Ermolao Jon S. Patricios Ruben J. Echemendia Gavin A. Davis Valentina Re Silvia Bressan Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process Italian Journal of Pediatrics Concussion Mild traumatic brain injury Sport related concussion Injury prevention Translation |
| title | Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process |
| title_full | Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process |
| title_fullStr | Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process |
| title_short | Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6™), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6®) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6™): the Italian process |
| title_sort | translation cultural adaptation and validation of the concussion recognition tool 6 crt6™ sport concussion assessment tool 6 scat6 r and sport concussion office assessment tool 6 scoat6™ the italian process |
| topic | Concussion Mild traumatic brain injury Sport related concussion Injury prevention Translation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-025-01950-8 |
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