Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation

Abstract Historically, the precipitation trend over the past few decades in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) exhibits a “Dry‐West Wet‐East” pattern; this is manifested by recent droughts/floods in the western/eastern US. However, it remains elusive what atmospheric phenomenon has potentially dri...

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Main Authors: Grace Affram, Wei Zhang, Vittal Hari, Si Gao, Cody Ratterman, Langfeng Zhu, Robert R. Gillies
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109636
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author Grace Affram
Wei Zhang
Vittal Hari
Si Gao
Cody Ratterman
Langfeng Zhu
Robert R. Gillies
author_facet Grace Affram
Wei Zhang
Vittal Hari
Si Gao
Cody Ratterman
Langfeng Zhu
Robert R. Gillies
author_sort Grace Affram
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Historically, the precipitation trend over the past few decades in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) exhibits a “Dry‐West Wet‐East” pattern; this is manifested by recent droughts/floods in the western/eastern US. However, it remains elusive what atmospheric phenomenon has potentially driven such a remarkable, and impactful precipitation pattern. Here we found that a coupled climate mode—the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) exerted strong impacts on the precipitation pattern over the CONUS during the summer season. We discovered a significant association between the PMM index and precipitation across the majority of the CONUS; this was manifested as a zonal dipole pattern—negative correlations in the western U.S. along with positive correlations in the eastern and central U.S. Overall, the physical mechanisms based on observations were supported by using Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6.
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-6ef5cd0fb7d54b7a8f1c3d9946fd2cd92025-08-20T02:46:06ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-07-015113n/an/a10.1029/2024GL109636Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime PrecipitationGrace Affram0Wei Zhang1Vittal Hari2Si Gao3Cody Ratterman4Langfeng Zhu5Robert R. Gillies6Department of Plants, Soils & Climate Utah State University Logan UT USADepartment of Plants, Soils & Climate Utah State University Logan UT USADepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad Dhanbad Jharkhand IndiaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere‐Ocean System Ministry of Education Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai ChinaDepartment of Plants, Soils & Climate Utah State University Logan UT USASchool of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere‐Ocean System Ministry of Education Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai ChinaUtah Climate Center Utah State University Logan UT USAAbstract Historically, the precipitation trend over the past few decades in the Contiguous United States (CONUS) exhibits a “Dry‐West Wet‐East” pattern; this is manifested by recent droughts/floods in the western/eastern US. However, it remains elusive what atmospheric phenomenon has potentially driven such a remarkable, and impactful precipitation pattern. Here we found that a coupled climate mode—the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) exerted strong impacts on the precipitation pattern over the CONUS during the summer season. We discovered a significant association between the PMM index and precipitation across the majority of the CONUS; this was manifested as a zonal dipole pattern—negative correlations in the western U.S. along with positive correlations in the eastern and central U.S. Overall, the physical mechanisms based on observations were supported by using Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109636droughtfloodsContiguous United StatesprecipitationPacific Meridional ModeENSO
spellingShingle Grace Affram
Wei Zhang
Vittal Hari
Si Gao
Cody Ratterman
Langfeng Zhu
Robert R. Gillies
Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation
Geophysical Research Letters
drought
floods
Contiguous United States
precipitation
Pacific Meridional Mode
ENSO
title Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation
title_full Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation
title_fullStr Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation
title_short Modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on the Dipole Pattern of the CONUS Summertime Precipitation
title_sort modulation of the pacific meridional mode on the dipole pattern of the conus summertime precipitation
topic drought
floods
Contiguous United States
precipitation
Pacific Meridional Mode
ENSO
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109636
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