Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample

Abstract The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a complex communication system that plays a crucial role in influencing various aspects of our physical and mental health. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which individual differences in resting measures of vagally-mediated heart rate v...

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Main Authors: Sebastiano Ravenda, Leonardo Mancabelli, Sara Gambetta, Margherita Barbetti, Francesca Turroni, Luca Carnevali, Marco Ventura, Andrea Sgoifo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93137-8
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author Sebastiano Ravenda
Leonardo Mancabelli
Sara Gambetta
Margherita Barbetti
Francesca Turroni
Luca Carnevali
Marco Ventura
Andrea Sgoifo
author_facet Sebastiano Ravenda
Leonardo Mancabelli
Sara Gambetta
Margherita Barbetti
Francesca Turroni
Luca Carnevali
Marco Ventura
Andrea Sgoifo
author_sort Sebastiano Ravenda
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a complex communication system that plays a crucial role in influencing various aspects of our physical and mental health. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which individual differences in resting measures of vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol levels were associated with psychometric and specific gut microbiota characteristics in seventy-five (38 females) healthy individuals. Participants were assessed for vagally-mediated HRV, daily salivary cortisol levels, psychometric characteristics, and gut microbiota composition. Using a categorical approach based on the median split of HRV and cortisol values, we identified an association between low vagally-mediated HRV, greater depressive symptomatology, and altered gut microbiota (e.g., a higher abundance of Prevotella and a smaller abundance of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, and Gemmiger). This suggests that vagally-mediated HRV may be a useful biomarker of microbiota-gut brain axis function, and that low vagally-mediated HRV may play an important role in the bidirectional link between gut dysbiosis and depression. On the other hand, daily cortisol parameters (e.g., cortisol awakening response, diurnal cortisol slope) were associated either with higher anxiety and perceived stress, or with a specific gut microbiota profile. Therefore, their utility as biomarkers of microbiota-gut-brain axis function needs further scrutiny.
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spelling doaj-art-6ef1c082e8ea4c099aba72fc663d4bec2025-08-20T03:01:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-93137-8Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sampleSebastiano Ravenda0Leonardo Mancabelli1Sara Gambetta2Margherita Barbetti3Francesca Turroni4Luca Carnevali5Marco Ventura6Andrea Sgoifo7Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of ParmaDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of ParmaDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of ParmaDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of ParmaMicrobiome Research Hub, University of ParmaDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of ParmaMicrobiome Research Hub, University of ParmaDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Stress Physiology Lab, University of ParmaAbstract The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a complex communication system that plays a crucial role in influencing various aspects of our physical and mental health. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which individual differences in resting measures of vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol levels were associated with psychometric and specific gut microbiota characteristics in seventy-five (38 females) healthy individuals. Participants were assessed for vagally-mediated HRV, daily salivary cortisol levels, psychometric characteristics, and gut microbiota composition. Using a categorical approach based on the median split of HRV and cortisol values, we identified an association between low vagally-mediated HRV, greater depressive symptomatology, and altered gut microbiota (e.g., a higher abundance of Prevotella and a smaller abundance of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, and Gemmiger). This suggests that vagally-mediated HRV may be a useful biomarker of microbiota-gut brain axis function, and that low vagally-mediated HRV may play an important role in the bidirectional link between gut dysbiosis and depression. On the other hand, daily cortisol parameters (e.g., cortisol awakening response, diurnal cortisol slope) were associated either with higher anxiety and perceived stress, or with a specific gut microbiota profile. Therefore, their utility as biomarkers of microbiota-gut-brain axis function needs further scrutiny.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93137-8HRVCortisolGutMicrobiotaStressDepression
spellingShingle Sebastiano Ravenda
Leonardo Mancabelli
Sara Gambetta
Margherita Barbetti
Francesca Turroni
Luca Carnevali
Marco Ventura
Andrea Sgoifo
Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample
Scientific Reports
HRV
Cortisol
Gut
Microbiota
Stress
Depression
title Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample
title_full Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample
title_fullStr Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample
title_full_unstemmed Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample
title_short Heart rate variability, daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an Italian community sample
title_sort heart rate variability daily cortisol indices and their association with psychometric characteristics and gut microbiota composition in an italian community sample
topic HRV
Cortisol
Gut
Microbiota
Stress
Depression
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93137-8
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