Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis
With the global increase in women’s participation in running, understanding factors like footwear in performance and injury prevention has become essential. Minimalist shoes (MSs) and traditional shoes (TSs) influence muscle activation patterns, affecting running technique. Proper coordination of th...
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2025-05-01
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| author | María García-Arrabé Fabien Guerineau Beatriz Ruiz-Ruiz Javier López-Ruiz Mónica García-Mateos María-José Giménez |
| author_facet | María García-Arrabé Fabien Guerineau Beatriz Ruiz-Ruiz Javier López-Ruiz Mónica García-Mateos María-José Giménez |
| author_sort | María García-Arrabé |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the global increase in women’s participation in running, understanding factors like footwear in performance and injury prevention has become essential. Minimalist shoes (MSs) and traditional shoes (TSs) influence muscle activation patterns, affecting running technique. Proper coordination of the core muscles is essential for efficient stride and posture. This study analyzed muscle activation in nulliparous women running in MSs and TSs at different speeds and explored the correlations with age and BMI. A crossover clinical trial assessed the EMG activation of the lumbar erector (LE), gluteus maximus (GM), pelvic floor, and internal oblique (IO) muscles during treadmill running at 6, 9, and 11 km/h. Fifty-one healthy women (26.55 ± 5.11 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.29 ± 2.07 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) participated. The protocol included a warm-up, 30 s runs at each speed, and a 5-minute washout between trials. The statistical analyses included Wilcoxon, Friedman, and Spearman’s correlation tests. GM and IO showed the highest activation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) regardless of the footwear or speed. No significant differences were found between MSs and TSs. Weak-to-moderate correlations emerged between BMI and LE muscle activation with MSs, and between BMI and IO with both footwear. Significant correlations were also found with IO activations, but none with PF muscles. The correlations between personal variables, shoe types, and muscle activation suggest that individual and external factors may influence neuromuscular modulation, impacting injury prevention and personalized interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6eeb1dfb60674fba8f62d1398979adb3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6eeb1dfb60674fba8f62d1398979adb32025-08-20T03:12:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510301610.3390/s25103016Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary AnalysisMaría García-Arrabé0Fabien Guerineau1Beatriz Ruiz-Ruiz2Javier López-Ruiz3Mónica García-Mateos4María-José Giménez5Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, SpainWith the global increase in women’s participation in running, understanding factors like footwear in performance and injury prevention has become essential. Minimalist shoes (MSs) and traditional shoes (TSs) influence muscle activation patterns, affecting running technique. Proper coordination of the core muscles is essential for efficient stride and posture. This study analyzed muscle activation in nulliparous women running in MSs and TSs at different speeds and explored the correlations with age and BMI. A crossover clinical trial assessed the EMG activation of the lumbar erector (LE), gluteus maximus (GM), pelvic floor, and internal oblique (IO) muscles during treadmill running at 6, 9, and 11 km/h. Fifty-one healthy women (26.55 ± 5.11 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.29 ± 2.07 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) participated. The protocol included a warm-up, 30 s runs at each speed, and a 5-minute washout between trials. The statistical analyses included Wilcoxon, Friedman, and Spearman’s correlation tests. GM and IO showed the highest activation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) regardless of the footwear or speed. No significant differences were found between MSs and TSs. Weak-to-moderate correlations emerged between BMI and LE muscle activation with MSs, and between BMI and IO with both footwear. Significant correlations were also found with IO activations, but none with PF muscles. The correlations between personal variables, shoe types, and muscle activation suggest that individual and external factors may influence neuromuscular modulation, impacting injury prevention and personalized interventions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3016electromyographypelvic floorminimalist shoescore stabilityfemale runners |
| spellingShingle | María García-Arrabé Fabien Guerineau Beatriz Ruiz-Ruiz Javier López-Ruiz Mónica García-Mateos María-José Giménez Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis Sensors electromyography pelvic floor minimalist shoes core stability female runners |
| title | Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis |
| title_full | Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis |
| title_short | Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis |
| title_sort | electromyographic patterns of muscle activation during running with different footwear at different speeds in nulliparous women a secondary analysis |
| topic | electromyography pelvic floor minimalist shoes core stability female runners |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3016 |
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