Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis
Urban air mobility (UAM) is increasingly capturing the attention of researchers and industry experts, as it holds the promise of providing faster and more economical solutions for urban commuting. Ensuring reliable communication for UAM aircraft is of paramount importance in maintaining operational...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10925893/ |
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| author | Abdullah Abu Zaid Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki Mohamed-Slim Alouini |
| author_facet | Abdullah Abu Zaid Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki Mohamed-Slim Alouini |
| author_sort | Abdullah Abu Zaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urban air mobility (UAM) is increasingly capturing the attention of researchers and industry experts, as it holds the promise of providing faster and more economical solutions for urban commuting. Ensuring reliable communication for UAM aircraft is of paramount importance in maintaining operational safety. To that end, we use stochastic geometry tools to analyze the joint uplink-downlink coverage probability of an integrated aerial-terrestrial heterogeneous network (HetNet) for UAM aircraft, specifically electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles. We assume eVTOLs travel on predefined air corridors which are modeled as a Poisson line process (PLP). Furthermore, we model the spatial distribution of eVTOLs as a Matern hardcore process (MHCP) with a designated safety distance. We model the aerial base stations (ABSs) as a two-dimensional (2D) binomial point process (BPP), and the terrestrial base stations (TBSs) as a 2D Poisson point process (PPP). We use a suitable air-to-ground channel model to include line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmissions. In the paper, we derive distance distributions to the closest ABS, LOS TBS, and NLOS TBS to a typical eVTOL, then we provide the association probability of each BS. Furthermore, we characterize the uplink interference and derive Laplace transforms for the PLP-MHCP distributed eVTOLs. Finally, we derive the coverage probability of the overall HetNet and carry out Monte Carlo simulations to validate our expressions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6edc2619718b47df868d39ba7bf3b7de |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2644-1330 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6edc2619718b47df868d39ba7bf3b7de2025-08-20T03:09:08ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology2644-13302025-01-01691292610.1109/OJVT.2025.355120910925893Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance AnalysisAbdullah Abu Zaid0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-6940Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-4032Mohamed-Slim Alouini2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K.King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi ArabiaUrban air mobility (UAM) is increasingly capturing the attention of researchers and industry experts, as it holds the promise of providing faster and more economical solutions for urban commuting. Ensuring reliable communication for UAM aircraft is of paramount importance in maintaining operational safety. To that end, we use stochastic geometry tools to analyze the joint uplink-downlink coverage probability of an integrated aerial-terrestrial heterogeneous network (HetNet) for UAM aircraft, specifically electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles. We assume eVTOLs travel on predefined air corridors which are modeled as a Poisson line process (PLP). Furthermore, we model the spatial distribution of eVTOLs as a Matern hardcore process (MHCP) with a designated safety distance. We model the aerial base stations (ABSs) as a two-dimensional (2D) binomial point process (BPP), and the terrestrial base stations (TBSs) as a 2D Poisson point process (PPP). We use a suitable air-to-ground channel model to include line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmissions. In the paper, we derive distance distributions to the closest ABS, LOS TBS, and NLOS TBS to a typical eVTOL, then we provide the association probability of each BS. Furthermore, we characterize the uplink interference and derive Laplace transforms for the PLP-MHCP distributed eVTOLs. Finally, we derive the coverage probability of the overall HetNet and carry out Monte Carlo simulations to validate our expressions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10925893/Heterogeneous networksstochastic geometrycoverage probabilityurban air mobilityaerial platformspoisson point process |
| spellingShingle | Abdullah Abu Zaid Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki Mohamed-Slim Alouini Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology Heterogeneous networks stochastic geometry coverage probability urban air mobility aerial platforms poisson point process |
| title | Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis |
| title_full | Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis |
| title_short | Aerial-Terrestrial Heterogeneous Networks for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance Analysis |
| title_sort | aerial terrestrial heterogeneous networks for urban air mobility a performance analysis |
| topic | Heterogeneous networks stochastic geometry coverage probability urban air mobility aerial platforms poisson point process |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10925893/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abdullahabuzaid aerialterrestrialheterogeneousnetworksforurbanairmobilityaperformanceanalysis AT bahaeddineyoucefbelmekki aerialterrestrialheterogeneousnetworksforurbanairmobilityaperformanceanalysis AT mohamedslimalouini aerialterrestrialheterogeneousnetworksforurbanairmobilityaperformanceanalysis |