Growth and Characterization of High-Quality YTiO<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals: Minimizing Ti<sup>4+</sup> Containing Impurities and TiN Formation

We report the growth of YTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals using different starting materials with the nominal compositions, (1) stoichiometric YTiO<sub>3</sub>; (2) oxygen deficient YTiO<sub>2.925</sub>; (3) oxygen deficient YTiO<sub>2.85</sub>, and dif...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yong Liu, David Wenhua Bi, Arnaud Magrez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/11/989
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Summary:We report the growth of YTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals using different starting materials with the nominal compositions, (1) stoichiometric YTiO<sub>3</sub>; (2) oxygen deficient YTiO<sub>2.925</sub>; (3) oxygen deficient YTiO<sub>2.85</sub>, and different atmospheres, (1) 97%Ar/3%H<sub>2</sub>; (2) Ar; (3) forming gas 95%N<sub>2</sub>/5%H<sub>2</sub>, using the laser floating zone growth technique. The oxygen-deficient starting materials were prepared by mixing Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Ti powder according to the YTiO<sub>3-<i>δ</i></sub> stoichiometry. The addition of Ti powder to the starting materials effectively reacts with the oxygen in the floating zone furnace chamber, reducing Ti<sup>4+</sup> ion-containing impurities. High-quality YTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals with (2 0 0) facet were grown from the starting materials corresponding to the nominal composition YTiO<sub>2.925</sub>. YTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals grown from different starting materials are characteristic of oxygen content of 3 in both pure crystals and crystals containing impurities, revealed by the same oxygen occupancy in single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. When forming gas was used, a golden TiN coating formed on the surface of rod.
ISSN:2073-4352