Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations

Understanding how populations respond to increasingly variable conditions is a major objective for natural resource managers forecasting extinction risk. The lesson from current modelling is clear: increasing environmental variability increases population abundance variability. We show that this par...

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Main Authors: Nicholas Kortessis, José Miguel Ponciano, Franz W. Simon, Jake M. Ferguson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2024-12-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241066
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author Nicholas Kortessis
José Miguel Ponciano
Franz W. Simon
Jake M. Ferguson
author_facet Nicholas Kortessis
José Miguel Ponciano
Franz W. Simon
Jake M. Ferguson
author_sort Nicholas Kortessis
collection DOAJ
description Understanding how populations respond to increasingly variable conditions is a major objective for natural resource managers forecasting extinction risk. The lesson from current modelling is clear: increasing environmental variability increases population abundance variability. We show that this paradigm fails to describe a broad class of empirically observed dynamics, namely endogenously driven population cycles. In contrast to the dominant paradigm, these populations can exhibit reduced long-run population variance under increasing environmental variability. We provide evidence for a mechanistic explanation of this phenomenon that relies on how stochasticity interacts with long transient dynamics present in the deterministic cycling model. This interaction stands in contrast to the often assumed additivity of stochastic and deterministic drivers of population fluctuations. We show evidence for the phenomenon in two cyclical populations: flour beetles and Canadian lynx. We quantify the impact of the phenomenon with new theory that partitions the effects of nonlinear dynamics and stochastic variation on dynamical systems. In both empirical examples, the partitioning shows that the interaction between deterministic and stochastic dynamics reduces the variance in population size. Our results highlight that previous predictions about extinction under environmental variability may prove inadequate to understand the effects of climate change in some populations.
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spelling doaj-art-6ebefae14c754de5acfc2380ecc91f7a2025-08-20T02:49:09ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-12-01111210.1098/rsos.241066Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populationsNicholas Kortessis0José Miguel Ponciano1Franz W. Simon2Jake M. Ferguson3Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USADepartment of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USADepartment of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAUnderstanding how populations respond to increasingly variable conditions is a major objective for natural resource managers forecasting extinction risk. The lesson from current modelling is clear: increasing environmental variability increases population abundance variability. We show that this paradigm fails to describe a broad class of empirically observed dynamics, namely endogenously driven population cycles. In contrast to the dominant paradigm, these populations can exhibit reduced long-run population variance under increasing environmental variability. We provide evidence for a mechanistic explanation of this phenomenon that relies on how stochasticity interacts with long transient dynamics present in the deterministic cycling model. This interaction stands in contrast to the often assumed additivity of stochastic and deterministic drivers of population fluctuations. We show evidence for the phenomenon in two cyclical populations: flour beetles and Canadian lynx. We quantify the impact of the phenomenon with new theory that partitions the effects of nonlinear dynamics and stochastic variation on dynamical systems. In both empirical examples, the partitioning shows that the interaction between deterministic and stochastic dynamics reduces the variance in population size. Our results highlight that previous predictions about extinction under environmental variability may prove inadequate to understand the effects of climate change in some populations.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241066long transientnonlinear dynamicsextinction riskstabilitystochasticity
spellingShingle Nicholas Kortessis
José Miguel Ponciano
Franz W. Simon
Jake M. Ferguson
Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
Royal Society Open Science
long transient
nonlinear dynamics
extinction risk
stability
stochasticity
title Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
title_full Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
title_fullStr Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
title_full_unstemmed Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
title_short Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
title_sort increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations
topic long transient
nonlinear dynamics
extinction risk
stability
stochasticity
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241066
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AT josemiguelponciano increasingenvironmentalfluctuationscandampenvariabilityofendogenouslycyclingpopulations
AT franzwsimon increasingenvironmentalfluctuationscandampenvariabilityofendogenouslycyclingpopulations
AT jakemferguson increasingenvironmentalfluctuationscandampenvariabilityofendogenouslycyclingpopulations